1. Enzymes

2. Enzyme Active Site Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions,
Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions

3. Enzyme Active Site Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions,
Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions

4. Enzymes
Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.

5. Enzymes
Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.

6. Induced Fit Theory
Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate.

7. Induced Fit Theory
Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate.

8. Enzymes - Cofactors
Coenzymes (contain a vitamin) or metal ion

9. Enzymes - Cofactors
Metal ions present in trace amounts

10. Enzymes - Cofactors
Metal ions present in trace amounts

11. Enzyme Cofactors
Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.

12. Enzyme Cofactors
Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.

13. Enzyme Cofactors
Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.

14. Enzymes

15. Enzymes - Activity
Temperature and pH effect enzyme action

16. Enzymes - Activity
Temperature and pH effect enzyme action

17. Enzymes - Activity
Enzyme and substrate concentrations

18. Nonspecific - denaturation, pH, temperature
Enzymes - Inhibitors
Nonspecific - denaturation, pH, temperature

19. Enzyme Inhibitors
Noncompetitive

20. Enzyme Inhibitors
Competive - mimic substrate, may block active site, but may dislodge it.

21. Enzyme Inhibitors
Competive - mimic substrate, may block active site, but may dislodge it.

22. Enzyme Inhibitors

23. Irreversible - covalently binds to active site
Enzyme Inhibitors
Irreversible - covalently binds to active site

24. Enzyme Inhibitors
Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence of reactions - reaction product may block initial enzyme.

25. Enzyme Inhibitors
Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence of reactions - reaction product may block initial enzyme.

26. Enzyme Inhibitors

27. Enzyme Inhibitors

28. Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors
Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme.

29. Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors
Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme.