1. Primary Enabling Infrastructure For The Mobile Internet Presented by: Ian Serrao Director – Network Services Columbus Communications Trinidad Ltd.

2. Mobile Industry Observations Currently Over 3 billion mobile phone users, estimated to grow to 5 billion in 2010 –Growing dependence on mobile connectivity –Demand for Data mobility –Significant increase in Data, video and application development Traffic growing exponentially due to consumer demand for mobile data services for e-mail, text messaging, web access etc Push for more bandwidth accelerated by new handsets such as iPhones that combine digital media entertainment with web based applications Source: Infonetics Research, 2008

3. Analyst Predictions, Statistics and Trends Demand for bandwidth will grow exponentially while revenue for the operator will taper off Carriers are exploring various technologies to provide cheaper and more effective ways to meet the capacity growth at a lower CAPEX and OPEX cost Evolution towards Ethernet/IP based mobile solutions Bandwidth demands –Mobile Call -16k, –Text Messaging– 9.6 -240k –Web browsing – 128-384k (min) –Media Streaming – 2-15 Mbps

4. Worldwide Cell Site Connections Growing Installed WW connections 2006 = 2.9 million 2010 = 4.8 million Ethernet fastest growing through 2010 Mobile operators pay incremental charges for 2x to 10x bandwidth New options solve major problem for operators Source: Infonetics Research Mobile Backhaul Equipment, Installed Base & Services, 2007

5. Backhaul the Critical Link Carrier Base Station Mobile Switching Office (provisioning, call routing, etc) Wireless handset Copper Fiber Fixed-Wireless/Microwave The Mobile Backhaul network : Is the critical link between the mobile subscriber and the network or the Internet Links the remote base stations and cell towers to the mobile operators core networks Provide access to both the voice network and the internet

6. Mobile Evolution With downstream data rates capable of delivering a theoretical 14.4 Mbps of user throughput, the demand for bandwidth in the backhaul network is increasing by an order of magnitude from where it is today

7. Impact of New Services on Backhaul Circuits New services provide additional capabilities but require more bandwidth. T1/E1 TDM Backhaul Circuits traditionally used are ideal for carrying high-value voice services but are not optimized for high bandwidth data services. Backhaul links are becoming congested

8. Possible Solutions Separate mobile voice services directly at the cell site. Data traffic can be backhauled using lower cost broadband technologies (xDSL, cable modem, Carrier Ethernet) Migrate all services voice and data to a single platform that meets all the needs required to deliver service to the customer

9. The Future of Mobile Backhaul Economic advantages of Ethernet will lead to its widespread use for mobile backhaul networks Introduction of Ethernet and IP interfaces in mobile base stations and radio controller equipment Migration of legacy TDM circuits to Carrier Ethernet Solutions Global Consensus and Adoption of Carrier Ethernet Standards

10. Advantages of Carrier Ethernet Backhaul Ethernet –Economically meets exploding bandwidth requirements currently constrained by the prohibitive costs of legacy network upgrades –Efficient and simple for service providers to manage and maintain –Reliable with full SLA support and full OAM capabilities Most mobile data traffic is broadband/IP centric –Ethernet is optimized for packet data traffic Overcomes TDM (T1/E1) scalability –This makes Carrier Ethernet the compelling choice Packet can be extended to the cell site over other physical technologies: – WiMAX – xDSL – Bonded Copper – GPON/EPON Time/urgency –Ethernet NodeB’s are being deployed now by all major networks –Carrier Ethernet removes the barrier for timely network upgrades

11. Ethernet Options Solve Backhaul Cost Problem PDH (T1/E1 etc.) costs climb directly with bandwidth Ethernet wire-line costs grow gently with large bandwidth increases (Eth, DSL, PON, cable) New IP/Ethernet wire-line options to satisfy the the #1 investment driver: operational cost savings Source: Infonetics Research Mobile Backhaul Equipment, Installed Base, and Services, 2007 Stay on PDH Ethernet

12. Node B BTS STM1 RNC FRE1 BSC FR ATM Agg Site With Legacy ATM Switch ATM SDH IP/MPLS Core BSC RNC PDSN or SGSN Core Site Traditional Transport ATM  Backhaul traffic via TDM/SDH network  All bandwidth is “nailed-up”  All scaling must be planned well before provisioning  Separate networks for backhaul and core IMA MSC nxT1/E1

13. Pseudowires – The solution to the Internetworking Challenge Enable the use of new packet networks Provides a choice among multiple available packet network technologies Uniquely combine circuit emulation and service emulation over a packet network Deliver a solution allowing the transport of TDM, HDLC, and ATM based services over frame- based technologies such as MPLS, IP and Ethernet Networks

14. Future Transport Network Node B BTS nxT1/E1 STM1 RNC IMA FRE1 BSC FR ATM IP/MPLS Extends into the RAN BSC RNC PDSN or SGSN Core Site  Pre-aggregation sites shorten TDM/SDH runs  Backhaul traffic via psuedowires  Preprovisioning for intuitive scaling  MPLS core is extended into the Backhaul Network Psuedowires MSC

15. Carrier Ethernet Access Technology Benefits Ethernet Backhaul Solution When To UseKey Attribute(s) Ethernet over Copper /Mid- Band Ethernet Copper Pairs Available. No fiber or radio. 7x more bandwidth per pair than traditional T1/E1 services. Greater reliability, lowest cost per bit to deploy Ethernet over PDHNo dark fiber available. Long distances. Straightforward provisioning. Works over existing T1, E1, DS3, E3 circuits Ethernet over Microwave No available Terrestrial Facilities No wireline or fiber facility required Rapid deployment Low OPEX Full ownership and control Ethernet over FiberFiber Available Optimal performance. ‘ Unlimited ’ (up to 10GbE) bandwidth

16. Mobile Backhaul Equipment Market Trends Source: Infonetics Research Mobile Backhaul Equipment, Installed Base & Services, 2007 Microwave

17. Thank You