1. Facts about Sweden

2. CONTENTS General Information 3 Arts & Culture 15 Economy & Trade 22
Education & Research 34
Government & Politics 43
Society & Welfare 57
Sports & Leisure 72
Technology & Infrastructure 73
Travel & Tourism 77

3. GENERAL INFORMATION General Facts
Area: 450,000 km2 (174,000 sq miles)
9 million inhabitants
Capital: Stockholm
Other major cities: Göteborg, Malmö
Language: Swedish

4. GENERAL INFORMATION General Facts
Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary democracy
Head of state: King Carl XVI Gustaf
Prime minister: Göran Persson (leader of the Social Democratic Party)
Currency: 1 Swedish krona (SEK) = 100 öre, equal to approximately
EUR 0.11or USD 0.14
Average life expectancy: men 77 years, women 82 years

5. GENERAL INFORMATION Geography
Forests (mostly coniferous): 54%
Mountains: 17%
Cultivated land: 8%
Lakes and rivers: 9%
Highest mountain: Kebnekaise, 2,111 m (6,926 ft)
Distance north–south: 1,574 km (977 miles)
Distance east–west: 499 km (310 miles)

6. GENERAL INFORMATION Geography
Average temperature IN JANUARY IN JULY
Malmö °C (31.6°F) +16.8°C (62.2°F)
Stockholm °C (30.0°F) +17.2°C (63.0°F)
Kiruna °C (3.2°F) +12.8°C (55.0°F)
Daylight (approx. values) JANUARY 1 JULY 1
Malmö 7 hours 17 hours
Stockholm 6 hours 18 hours
Kiruna 0 hours 24 hours

7. GENERAL INFORMATION History
Approx. 10,000 BC: Inland ice started to recede. First settlements in Sweden date from this period.
8,000–6,000 BC: Population of the whole country begins
800–1050: Viking era. Christianization begins
13th century: Colonialization of Finland begins

8. GENERAL INFORMATION History
1350: Magnus Eriksson’s National Law Code
1397–1521: Sweden, Denmark and Norway united in the Kalmar Union. Sweden gradually acquires Baltic territories.
1523: Gustav Vasa elected King of Sweden
1527: Reformation of the Church
1611–1718: Great Power Era

9. GENERAL INFORMATION History
1630–48: The Thirty Years’ War
1700–21: Great Northern War. Loss of Baltic possessions.
1719–72: The Era of Liberty. Parliamentary government.
Gustav III (1771–1792) reintroduces absolutism
1809: Finland lost to Russia
1814–1905: Union with Norway

10. GENERAL INFORMATION History
1818: Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte became king under the name of
Karl XIV Johan
1850: Industrialization begins
1911:Universal suffrage for men. Women’s suffrage follows in 1921.
Sweden remains neutral in world wars I and II
1986: Assassination of Prime Minister Olof Palme
1995: Membership of the European Union

11. GENERAL INFORMATION The Swedish Language
Swedish—national language of Sweden, native tongue of some
90 per cent of its inhabitants
Nordic language, belonging to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European
family of languages
Also spoken by about 300,000 Finno-Swedes in Finland
One common language in Scandinavia until the 9th century. Many runic
inscriptions from this period
German has influenced Swedish more than any other foreign language
Swedish taught at some 200 universities outside Sweden

12. GENERAL INFORMATION\ Monarchy
Early Middle Ages: Elected kings.The Code of Kings 1350
15th century: Establishment of a parliament, the Riksdag, with four estates: nobility, clergy, burghers, and landowning farmers
Gustav Vasa. Monarchy becomes hereditary
The Era of Liberty: reaction against royal absolutism
1771 Gustav III ascends the throne
1914 Conflict between Gustav V and Parliament over the defence issue
Carl XVI Gustaf, king of Sweden since 1973

13. GENERAL INFORMATION Population
World’s oldest system of population records (since 1686)
71% live in nuclear families (1990 census)
80% live in urban areas and along the coast
Fertility rate: 1.65 children per woman
Sámi (Lapp) minority of some 15,000
15% of Sweden’s population were either born outside Sweden
or have two foreign-born parents

14. GENERAL INFORMATION Religion
Christianity gained ground during the 10th and 11th centuries
80% belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church
The Church of Sweden ceased to be the state church in 2000
Sweden has a large number of free churches, immigrant religious denominations and other faiths

15. ARTS & CULTURE Artists and authors
Endeavors to expand cultural institutions, support for independent groups and cultural centres as well as purchasing works of art for public buildings to create job opportunities for artists
The state remunerates artists and sculptors for their works on display in public settings and authors, translators and book illustrators whose works are available at libraries
Authors, translators and book illustrators can be awarded a guaranteed author’s allowance

16. ARTS & CULTURE Cultural Policy
The State finances central cultural institutions including the Royal Opera, the Royal Dramatic Theatre and the national museums
The State supports local and regional cultural activities through financial contributions
The municipalities bear responsibility for cultural policy at local level. They support libraries, run music schools and give grants to theatres, music, dance, exhibitions, museums etc.

17. ARTS & CULTURE Literature and Libraries
1,500 public libraries which loan books free of charge
Authors receive payments from state funds when their books are borrowed from public libraries
Activities to promote reading among children and young people

18. ARTS & CULTURE Museums
A group of national museums coordinates activities throughout the entire museum system within their particular field
Every county has a museum which acts as the centre for museum-related activities in the region
Rural heritage associations with collections or preserved environments
An increasing number of new museums depict more recent times

19. ARTS & CULTURE Music
The Swedish National Concert Institute, Svenska Rikskonserter, supplements regional and local music production in cooperation with the county music organization, Länsmusiken
Eleven professional symphony and chamber orchestras playing at regional level
Independent groups, representing all musical genres

20. ARTS & CULTURE Popular Education
Cultural activities mostly under the auspices of popular movements and amateur theatre organizations
11 educational associations, each with its own ideological profile, have local branches in most municipalities
1,700 art clubs
400,000 sing regularly in choirs

21. ARTS & CULTURE Theatre, Film and Dance
Operan and Dramaten are the national stages for opera and drama
Svenska Riksteatern performs throughout the country
28 municipal/city and county theatre companies
Around 200 independent theatre groups (also children’s theatre)
Five permanent dance ensembles
Around 20 films which are partly or wholly Swedish-financed are
premiered each year

22. ECONOMY & TRADE Agriculture and Food Processing
Fewer than 3% of labor force in agriculture and forestry
Crop-growing season averages around 240 days/year in the south, days/year in the north
74% of agricultural enterprises combine farming with forestry
Structural changes have resulted in fewer and larger farms with fewer employees
Food exports more than doubled between 1994–2000
High standars in the field of animal welfare

23. ECONOMY & TRADE Economy
GDP: SEK 2,440 billion; per capita: SEK 272,000 (2003)
Unemployment: 4.9 % (2003)
Enrolled in government-financed labor market programs: 2 %
Sweden is in 17th place in the GDP per capita ranking (OECD)
Expansion of the public sector came to a halt during the 1990s
Most forecasts for 2004 and 2005 indicate a GDP growth
of 2–3 % per year

24. ECONOMY & TRADE Economy
Diversified economy. Large public sector. Growing private sector
Strong dependence on international trade
High R&D expenditure
Floating exchange rate
New, stricter Competition Act 1993
Dependence on a number of very large international companies

25. ECONOMY & TRADE Engineering industry
Accounts for just over 50% of Sweden’s industrial production and
10% of total GDP
2/3 of Swedish-produced engineering products exported
50% of the sector are engine and vehicle manufacturers
Most companies small or medium-sized
High degree of specialisation
Focus on knowledge-intensive engineering, services and R&D

26. ECONOMY & TRADE Foreign Trade
Exports by important commodity groups (percent of total value) January–November 2003:
– Forestry products 13.5%
– Mineral products 8.5%
– Chemical products 12.8%
– Energy products 3.2%
– Engineering products 50.5%
– Other 11.4%

27. ECONOMY & TRADE Foreign Trade
Imports by important commodity groups (percent of total value) January–November 2003:
– Forestry products 3.5%
– Mineral products 8.1%
– Chemical products 12.5%
– Energy products 9.5%
– Engineering products 45.5%
– Other 20.8%

28. ECONOMY & TRADE Forestry and the Forest Products Industry
National forest policy: a reliable yield of timber while preserving biological diversity
Private individuals the largest category of owners
Nearly 12 million hectares of forest certified as sustainably managed
Original genetic material of Sweden’s tree species preserved in a forest gene bank
Sweden is among the world’s leading exporters of forest products

29. ECONOMY & TRADE Industry
Some important Swedish industries:
– industries based on iron ore and wood
– telecommunications industry
– pharmaceutical industry
– aviation industry
– automotive industry
– defence material industry
– nuclear power industry

30. ECONOMY & TRADE Industry
Supply of indigenous raw material an important for Swedish industry
The main increase in output has been in knowledge-intensive manufacturing and service sectors.
Fast expansion in the telecommunications industry and the pharmaceutical industry
Mergers and acquisitions have been among the most important elements of Swedish business restructuring in recent decades

31. ECONOMY & TRADE Mining and steel industries
Iron played a dominant role for many centuries
Manufacture of iron and non-ferrous metal goods started the modern engineering industry
Iron ore and sulfide extracted in northern Sweden
Smelting of non-ferrous metals including copper, lead, silver and gold
Focus on making high-value specialty steels
Around 20,000 people employed in the steel industry

32. ECONOMY & TRADE Motor vehicle industry
Central role in Swedish economy
Exports of automobiles and automobile parts 15% of total
Swedish exports 2003
One fifth of the global heavy truck production 2003 either Volvo
or Scania.
Catalytic exhaust emission checks mandatory in Sweden.
Around 85% of cars fitted with catalytic converters

33. ECONOMY & TRADE Service sector
3.7 million people (85% of total workforce) employed in service sector
Extensive public service sector funded by central or local government,
mainly health care, education and social services
Expansion of private sector in late 1990s. Most job growth in knowledge-
intensive fields
Company and household-oriented services dominate private service sector
Services have become more important in international trade

34. EDUCATION & RESEARCH Alfred Nobel and the Nobel Prizes
Alfred Nobel (1833–1896), inventor, global industrial magnate, linguist, philosopher and humanist
The Nobel prizes are awarded for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace (Norway). Since 1969 there is also
a prize in Economics in honor of Alfred Nobel
In 2003 the prizes were each worth SEK 10 million

35. EDUCATION & RESEARCH Compulsory Schooling
9 years’ compulsory education
More than 97% of all pupils attend municipal compulsory schools
Few private schools. They generally receive government grants
Parents and pupils shall have a free choice of municipal schools and can also opt for publicly-funded independent schools
The municipalities bear overall responsibility for the implementation
and development of education within the school system

36. EDUCATION & RESEARCH Compulsory Schooling
Instruction, teaching material, school lunches and school transport are free of charge
Parents and pupils shall have a free choice of municipal schools and can also opt for publicly-funded independent schools
School health care for all pupils
Schooling for pupils with learning difficulties is compulsory for nine years plus one optional year
English is the compulsory first foreign language
Home language instruction available for pupils speaking a language other than Swedish

37. EDUCATION & RESEARCH Education and research
All children and young people in Sweden have equal access to education, regardless of ethnic and social background or residential locality
Education is free on all levels
Very few private schools and colleges
Strong ambition to increase the number of women in leading academic posts

38. EDUCATION & RESEARCH Higher Education
No tuition fees
Undergraduate education:
– Diploma or certificate (2 years)
– Bachelor’s degree (3 years)
– Master’s degree (4 years)
Courses of varying length for professional degrees

39. EDUCATION & RESEARCH Higher Education
To be admitted to post-graduate education, an undergraduate program of at least 3 years’ duration must be completed
Four years of doctoral studies and an approved dissertation are required for a doctorate
Study assistance available to all students who need help to finance their studies
Students are represented on decision-making bodies

40. EDUCATION & RESEARCH Research System
Sweden is one of the countries that invests the largest percentage of its Gross Domestic Product in R&D
Most research carried out in universities,university colleges, institutes of technology, professional schools etc
Companies account for some 75% of R&D expenditure
Long tradition of state funding for research
Ministry of Education and Science has overall responsibility for research policy

41. EDUCATION & RESEARCH Upper Secondary and Adult Education
Municipalities are obliged to provide upper secondary schooling (16+) for all residents who start studying before the age of 20
Instruction is free of charge
17 national programs, 14 mainly vocational and three which prepare for university studies
About 98% of school leavers go on to the three-year upper secondary school with vocational and academic programs
Pupils aged 16–20 receive study assistance

42. EDUCATION & RESEARCH Upper Secondary and Adult Education
The public school system for adults comprises:
- municipal adult education
adult education for people with learning difficulties
basic Swedish for immigrants
Other forms of adult education (usually affiliated with political parties or
special-interest organizations):
- Folk high schools
- Voluntary educational associations

43. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS Foreign Policy
Sweden has not been at war since 1814
Non-participation in military alliances with the aim of remaining neutral in the event of conflict in Sweden’s vicinity
High priority to working with the United Nations
EU membership in 1995
Participation in the multilateral disarmament negotiations in Geneva
since they started in 1962
Active participant in efforts to address environmental threats

44. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS Foreign Policy
Sweden supports EU efforts to establish civilian and military
capacity for crisis management. Close cooperation with NATO
Membership in Partnership for Peace (PFP)
Endeavors to develop and reinforce UN peacekeeping operations
Pursues a policy of non-participation in military alliances
Supports the strengthening of open, multilateral trading

45. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS Law and Justice
Power to enact laws is vested in the Riksdag (Parliament)
The Government has the power to issue decrees concerning less important matters
Spadework in preparation of bills is done by commissions of inquiry, legal experts in the ministries and Parliament standing committees

46. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS Law and Justice
Hierarchy of general courts:
– district courts (tingsrätt)
– courts of appeal (hovrätt)
– Supreme Court (Högsta domstolen)
Only cases which may set legal precedent are tried before the Supreme Court
Appeals against administrative authorities are heard in a three-tier administrative court system

47. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS Law and Justice
Prosecution system divided into seven districts. Prosecutors conduct preliminary investigations in criminal cases
Defence counsel in criminal proceedings for serious crimes is appointed by the court.
Legal aid available under certain conditions
Supervision of courts and administrative organs by the Chancellor of Justice (Justitiekanslern, JK)

48. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS Local Government
290 municipalities (kommun) with responsibility for:
– schools – social services
– elder care, care of people with physical or intellectual disabilities
– physical planning and building – certain environmental tasks
– rescue services
21 county councils (landsting) with responsibility for: – health care services at hospitals and local health centres
– public dental services
– psychiatric care

49. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS National Government
The Swedish Constitution consists of
– the Instrument of Government (1974)
– the Act of Succession (1810)
– the Freedom of the Press Act (1949)
– the Freedom of Expression Act (1991)
– the Parliament Act (1974)

50. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS National Government
Unicameral Parliament, Riksdag, with 349 seats
Direct parliamentary elections every 4 years. Right to vote from the age of 18.
The Government governs the country but is answerable to Parliament
The monarch is head of state, with primarily ceremonial functions
Government decisions are prepared by the ministries

51. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS The Ombudsmen
The government-appointed ombudsmen:
– The Consumer Ombudsman
– The Equal Opportunities Ombudsman
– The Ombudsman against Ethnic Discrimination
– The Ombudsman against Discrimination because of Sexual Orientation
– The Children’s Ombudsman
– The Disability Ombudsman

52. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS The Ombudsmen
The Press Ombudsman:
This self-disciplinary system of the Swedish press is not based on
legislation. It is entirely voluntary and wholly financed by Sweden’s
three press organizations

53. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS Political Parties
Two blocs: socialist and non-socialist
Percentage of votes in last parliamentary election, September 2002:
– Social Democrats 39.8%
– Moderates (Conservative) 15.5%
– Liberals 13.3%
– Christian Democrats 9.1%
– Left Party 8.3%
– Centre Party 6.1%
– Green Party 4.6%

54. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS Sweden in the European Union
EU membership in 1995
No to participation in the euro currency union in a referendum in 2003
Sweden participates in the common foreign and security policy of the EU although it retains its military non-alignment
10 votes in the Council of Ministers, 19 members of the European
Parliament, 1 member of the European Commission, 1 judge at
the Court of Justice

55. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS Sweden and the United Nations
Since joining the UN in 1946, Sweden has been a member of the Security Council three times
‘Small countries need the UN’ – UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld (1905–61)
About 15% of Swedish development assistance goes to UN social and economic programs
Emphasis on importance of conflict-prevention measures and operations

56. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS Taxes
Income tax (local and national) on employment, capital and business
VAT on goods and services
Payroll fees (social security contributions) around 33% to finance the national social insurance system, old age pensions and certain other social services
Capital is taxed at a standard rate of 30 %
The tax system includes many direct and indirect taxes and contributions
Local authorities are free to set income tax rates in their respective
municipalities and county council districts

57. SOCIETY & WELFARE Child Care
Municipalities obliged to provide preschool care and school-age care. Grants provided to non-municipal childcare
Preschool care for children aged 1–5 is provided at preschools, family daycare homes and open preschools
After-school childcare for children aged 6–12 is provided at leisure-time centres, in family daycare homes and at open leisure-time centres
75% of all children aged 1–5 are registered with preschools and 74% of children aged 6–9 with leisure time centres

58. SOCIETY & WELFARE Disability Policies
Disability policies aim for full participation and equality
Organizations for disabled people are run and dominated by people with physical disabilities
Institutional living replaced by group accommodation, service housing and adapted homes
Local authorities have ultimate responsibility for personal assistance, preschool places, housing, home-help services etc. for the disabled

59. SOCIETY & WELFARE Equality between Women and Men
480 days’ leave of absence on parental benefit to look after a child aged 0–8 years can be shared by parents.
60 of the days are reserved for the mother, 60 for the father. These days cannot be transferred to the other parent.
More than 50% of fathers utilize their right to paid parental leave during the child’s first year.
Parents entitled to reduce their weekly working hours (against a reduction in pay).

60. SOCIETY & WELFARE Equality between Women and Men
Political consensus on principles of gender equality. Gender main-streaming of day-to-day political and administrative work at the national level
After the elections in 2002, 45.3% of Parliament members are women
Men dominate senior positions in employer/employee organizations and
senior management in the private sector
Efforts to encourage women to enter traditionally male-dominated areas of labor market
Efforts to promote gender equality in choice of study programs and professions in upper secondary school

61. SOCIETY & WELFARE Financial Circumstances of Swedish Households
Transfer payments to households: pensions, child allowance, housing allowance, sickness benefit, parental leave etc
Social security benefit for those who cannot support themselves
High income taxes
VAT 25% on most goods and services, 12% VAT on food

62. SOCIETY & WELFARE Financial Circumstances of Swedish Households
High food prices compared to the rest of EU
Biggest expense: housing, takes 30% of income
Modern houses. Average living area 47 m2/p. p.
Some 22% of households own a weekend cottage
Price differences countryside – cities
Well-developed, subsidized public transport. Cars essential outside urban centres

63. SOCIETY & WELFARE Health Care System
Responsibility for health care rests primarily with the county councils
A primary care sector treats diseases and injuries that do not require hospitalisation
Hospitals, nursing homes and service apartments with 24 hours service a day
1 physician per 320 inhabitants
Sweden’s costs for health care services are 8.5% of GNP

64. SOCIETY & WELFARE Health Care System
Freedom to choose health centre, doctor or hospital
29% of all visits to a doctor take place at private, publicly-funded, medical establishments
High-cost ceiling to limit personal expense for health care
900 pharmacies have the sole and exclusive right to retail medicines
To become a registered doctor takes 5.5 years and a pre-registration period of 18 months as a house officer. It takes 3 years to become a nurse

65. SOCIETY & WELFARE Immigrants
About 15% of Sweden’s population were born outside Sweden or have foreign-born parents
Foreign citizens who have been resident for three years may vote and run for office in local elections
Tuition in Swedish for newly arrived immigrants
Mother tongue tuition for school pupils
Citizens of non-Nordic countries eligible for citizenship after five years’ residence. A citizen of a Nordic country can become a Swedish citizen after two years in Sweden

66. SOCIETY & WELFARE Labor Market Policy
The main aims of labor market policy:
– To match demand and supply in the job market
– To prevent bottle-necks
– To help those who find it difficult to get employment in the ordinary labor market
Programs to encourage demand for labor and generate employment
Programs for the occupationally handicapped
Start-your-own grants

67. SOCIETY & WELFARE Labor Relations
Basic agreement “The Swedish Model”, a compromise between labor and capital
Centralized collective bargaining replaced by negotiations at sector level in the 1980s
Biggest union confederations:
– LO, for blue–collar workers
– TCO, for white–collar employees
– SACO, mainly for graduates

68. SOCIETY & WELFARE Labor Relations
Around 80% of employees belong to trade unions
Social welfare contributions (payroll fees) are paid by employers
New labor laws introduced in the 1970s to increase employee involvement.
Labor Court settles legal disputes on labor issues
Leading employer organization is the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (Föreningen Svenskt Näringsliv)

69. SOCIETY & WELFARE Mass Media
1766 – the first Freedom of the Press Act
Current Freedom of the Press Act from 1949
The Freedom of Expression Act covers radio, television, film and other media
Free access to public documents
The responsible publisher–the individual held officially responsible for contraventions of the Press Act
The Press Council, the Code of Ethics and the Press Ombudsman (non-governmental systems)

70. SOCIETY & WELFARE Social Insurance
The Swedish social insurance system is markedly universal in nature
The social insurance system is financed mainly via taxes and employer payroll fees
Voluntary, state-subsidised unemployment insurance

71. SOCIETY & WELFARE Social Insurance
Uniform social insurance system providing:
– health care
– parental insurance
– cash benefits during illness
– occupational injury insurance
– unemployment benefits
– pensions
– child allowance

72. SPORTS AND LEISURE General facts
Around 22,000 clubs and associations that belong to one of 67
specialized sports federations
Almost half of Sweden’s residents aged between 7 and 70 belong to a
sports club
Around 650,000 participate in competitive sport
40% of women and 60% men in the specialized sports federations
Central government and local authorities help to subsidize youth sports
Voluntary sports leaders are the backbone of Swedish sporting life

73. TECHNOLOGY & INFRASTRUCTURE Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals
Rapidly growing biotech industry. Drug discovery & development
dominant sub-sector
Pharmaceutical industry annually invests around 25% of its
turnover on R&D
Close collaboration with universities and an advanced health care system open to testing new techniques have contributed to the innovative nature of the Swedish pharmaceutical industry
Extensive restructuring of pharmaceutical industry. Many international
mergers and acquisitions

74. TECHNOLOGY & INFRASTRUCTURE Environment Protection
Ecologically sustainable development an overall objective
Active environmental work within the EU framework
New Environmental Code January 1999 takes an integrated view of the environment
The right of common access, a rarely abused privilege
About one third of Sweden’s energy supply is based on
renewable energy

75. TECHNOLOGY & INFRASTRUCTURE Telecommunications and Information Technology
Telecom and IT products account for about 15% of Sweden’s total annual merchandise exports
Sweden is second in the EU, after Finland, with regard to number of researchers in companies with high-tech focus
Products to enhance IT security are an expanding market (more than 15% per year)
Integration of mobile phone service with computer technology
E-democracy is part of the day-to-day work of parliamentarians
Most municipalities have advanced plans for broadband networks

76. TECHNOLOGY & INFRASTRUCTURE Telecommunications and Information Technology
98% of all companies with more than 10 employees have computers
74% of the population aged 16–74 use computers. 73% use the Internet, one third with high speed connections
Popular e-services are Internet banking, e-commerce, contact with e-agencies and information searching

77. TRAVEL & TOURISM General facts
Tourism accounts for 19% of Swedens total export of services
Tourism accounts for 2.6% of Sweden’s GDP
3% of all Swedish employees work in tourism sector
14 million foreign visitors 2002
Most popular destinations Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö
Stockholm as a congress location similarly priced to rest of western Europe

78. The Swedish Institute (SI) is a public agency established to disseminate knowledge abroad about Sweden's social and cultural life, to promote cultural and informational exchange with other countries and to contribute to increased international cooperation in the fields of education and research. The Swedish Institute produces a wide range of publications on many aspects of Swedish society. These can be obtained directly from the Swedish Institute or from Swedish diplomatic missions abroad, and many are available on Sweden.se.
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