1. Taxonomy: the science of grouping and naming organisms
Classification
Taxonomy: the science of grouping and naming organisms

3. A. Also called biological or classification keys
I. Dichotomous Keys
A. Also called biological or classification keys
B. Used to determine the name of an organism or its category
C. It is important to ALWAYS begin at the beginning of the key!
Click for key example.
Website with key

4. II. The First Taxonomists
A. Aristotle 1. First person to develop a classification system 2. Classified organisms as plants or animals

5. B. Linnaeus 1. Developed a modern system of classification based on physical characteristics 2. Also developed the system of binomial nomenclature—using genus and species to name each organism

6. III. Modern Taxonomy
A. Classifies organisms into 8 taxa (taxon-singular), or categories

7. B. Largest to smallest the taxa are: Domain Did Kingdom King Phylum (Division in plants) Philip Class come Order over Family for Genus green Species spinach?

8. Monarch Butterflies
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Superfamily: Papilionoidea Family: Nymphalidae Subfamily: Danainae
Tribe: Danaini Genus: Danaus Species: D. plexippus Binomial name Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms Danaus archippus (Fabricius, 1793)[1] Danaus menippe (Hübner, 1816)[2]

9. Examples of binomial nomenclature:
Humans: Homo sapiens Lion: Panthera leo Tiger: Panthera tigris One type of bacteria: Escherichia coli Abbreviation is: E. coli *Must be in italics if typed, underlined if handwritten

10. IV. How are Relationships Determined. A. Structure—comparison of
IV. How are Relationships Determined? A. Structure—comparison of fossils and modern organisms

11. 1. Involves examination of embryo development

13. 2. Involves comparison of homologous structures—similar in structure but NOT function. Examples: (on next slide)

14. Homologous Structures

15. B. Biochemistry—how similar the DNA is

16. C. Behavior—ex: Birds that look alike but have different mating calls may be classified into different species.

17. D. Evolutionary History
1. Also called phylogeny
2. Phylogeny is determined by examining structure, biochemistry, and behavior.

18. 3. Cladistics—classification based on common ancestry 4
3. Cladistics—classification based on common ancestry 4. Cladogram or Phylogenetic tree—a diagram that shows how species may be related through common ancestors

19. Cladogram Example