1. Gene Mutations

2. Gene Mutations (Review)
We learned about three types of gene mutations earlier in the unit:
insertion – adds a nucleotide into the DNA
deletion – removes a nucleotide from the DNA
substitution – replaces a nucleotide with a different nucleotide.
We also mentioned that insertion and deletion are known as frameshift mutations…..

3. Frameshift Mutations
If we think about DNA as a code, a “frame” within that code would be _?__ nucleotides, which codes for a single amino acid.
So adding or removing a nucleotide from the code, affects every single frame/amino acid from that point on.

4. (Original)

5. Substitution Mutations
A substitution mutation can also be thought of as a POINT mutation because it only affects the single point of DNA where it occurs.
Substitution mutations can have several different effects on DNA.

6. Substitution Mutations
Missense mutations – When the nucleotide that is changed causes a different amino acid to show up in the protein.

7. Substitution Mutations
Silent mutations – When the nucleotide that is changed doesn’t change the amino acid in the protein.

8. Substitution Mutations
Nonsense mutations – When the nucleotide changes into a stop codon so the protein isn’t fully produced.