1. The movements of normal delivery for a vertex presentation. A
The movements of normal delivery for a vertex presentation. A. Engagement, flexion, and descent with vertex anterior. B. Internal rotation with occiput becoming anterior. C. Extension and delivery of the head. As the infant's head emerges from the introitus, support the perineum by placing a sterile towel along the inferior part of the perineum with one hand, and support the fetal head with the other hand. Ask the mother to breathe through contractions (rather than bear down) in order to deter rapid expulsion of the baby. Provide mild counterpressure for controlled extension of the fetal head. As the infant's head presents, use the inferior hand to control the fetal chin and keep the superior hand on the crown of the head, supporting the delivery. D. External rotation, bringing the thorax into the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis. As the head delivers, palpate the infant's neck to assess for the presence of a nuchal cord. Nuchal cord is noted in approximately 25% to 35% of all term deliveries.13 If the cord is loose, move it over the infant's head, and allow delivery to proceed as usual. If the cord is wound tightly around the neck, however, apply two close clamps in the most accessible area, and then cut the cord. E. Delivery of the anterior shoulder. Once the head is delivered, it will turn to one side or the other. Grasp the sides of the head with both hands, and apply gentle downward traction (go with gravity) until the anterior shoulder is delivered. Jerky or aggressive traction may injure the brachial plexus. If you have not checked for a nuchal cord, do so now. As the head rotates, place the hands on either side of the head, providing gentle downward traction. This maneuver allows for the delivery of the anterior shoulder. F. Delivery of the posterior shoulder. Use an upward movement to deliver the upward shoulder. Do not apply traction. If meconium is present or the newborn is limp or poorly responsive, stimulate the baby and be prepared to begin the steps of neonatal resuscitation with ventilation and oxygenation14,15 (see the chapter titled "Resuscitation of the Neonate").
Source: Emergency Delivery, Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide
Citation: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD, T. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide; 2011 Available at: Accessed: October 24, 2017
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