1. Cell Structure & Function

2. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

3. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

4. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

5. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic (no nucleus)…all are bacteria
Eukaryotic (has a nucleus)…plants, animals, fungi, and protists have these type of cells

6. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

7. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

8. “Typical” Animal Cell

9. “Typical” Plant Cell

10. Cell Parts
Organelles

11. Surrounding the Cell

12. Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer

13. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells
Plant cell wall is made up of a tough carbohydrate called cellulose

14. Inside the Cell

15. Nucleus Directs cell activities
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material (DNA) in long strands of chromatin

16. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

17. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of long strands of DNA
Contain genes-instructions for traits & characteristics

18. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

19. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane
Consists of mostly water

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

21. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on ER or floating throughout the cytoplasm

22. Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
Very active cells and tissue have many mitochondria
Uses oxygen to release energy from glucose

23. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

24. Lysosome Digestive structure for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

25. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Large vacuoles in plant cells help maintain shape

26. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place