1. Native Americans Encounter Europeans
European Contact
Native Americans Encounter Europeans

2. Beginnings of Exploration
The period from the 1400s-1700s became known as the Age of Exploration in Europe.
This coincided with the Renaissance (meaning rebirth), which encouraged curiosity and an increased desire for trade led to more exploration
Europeans were motivated by three primary factors:
Gold 2) God 3) Glory

3. Reasons for Exploration
Gold desire to find new sources of wealth; avoid Italian and Muslim merchants (who increased prices on goods from Asia).
God European Christians (esp. Catholics) want to stop the spread of Islam and convert non-Christians and new native populations.
Glory exploration gave some Europeans the opportunity to rise from a lower status; countries wanted to gain colonies to increase their power.

4. New Technologies
The Renaissance led to an outpouring of new technologies that also aided exploration.
Astrolabe– determine direction based on star positions.
Better maps– more accurate representations of new lands
Caravel– versatile ship able to travel in open seas and shallow water; able to sail against the wind; very maneuverable!
These technologies made travel faster and easier.

5. Explorers
Prior to European exploration, Islamic merchants had dominated the spice trade with Asia.
Portugal emerged as an early leader in exploration.
One notable Portuguese man, Prince Henry (the Navigator) started a trade school for sailors.
By training individuals at the school, the goal was to find shorter, faster routes to Asia.
From this school came Vasco de Gama, the first explorer to find a direct route to Asia by sailing around Africa.
By trading with African nations and the subcontinent of India, Portugal was able to attain great wealth.

6. Explorers
As their main rival, when the Spanish government saw Portugal’s wealth and power grow, they did not want to be left out.
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, more so than any other monarchs, sponsored and supported overseas expeditions.
They funded the expeditions of Christopher Columbus, who believed he could reach Asia by sailing westward.
However, when Columbus thought he had reached India, he had really landed in the Caribbean.
Thus, he is credited with ‘discovering’ the Americas.
Ferdinand Magellan continued Columbus’ goal of finding a westward route.
His crew succeeded, and he is credited with being the first to circumnavigate, or sail around, the globe.

7. Establishment of Colonies
Both Spain and Portugal jockeyed (competed) to develop colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
Spain sent explorers, who became known as conquistadores (conquerers), to fulfill the three Gs.
The Aztecs were conquered by Hernan Cortez; and the Inca were conquered by Francisco Pizarro.
The influx of gold from America made Spain the most powerful country in Europe during the early years of the Age of Exploration.

8. Establishment of Colonies
Once they saw the success of Spain, other European countries like Great Britain, France and the Netherlands became involved in overseas exploration and colonization to start their own colonies and attain wealth.
Use this map for III.d.ii.

9. The Columbian Exchange
Exploration led to an enormous exchange of people, plants, animals, technology and ideas that would change the lives of people in Asia, Africa and Europe (considered the ‘Old World’) and the Americas (considered the ‘New World’).
Because this exchange started with Columbus, it became known as the Columbian Exchange.

10. The Columbian Exchange
One of history’s great turning points!!

11. Exploration led to an enormous exchange of people, plants, animals, technology and ideas that would change the lives of people in Asia, Europe, the Americas and Africa.

12. Because this global interaction began with Columbus, it is called the Columbian Exchange.

13. Where did the item come from?
Did the item come from the “New World” and shipped to the “Old World” or was the item shipped from the “Old World” to the “New World?”
You will click on the place of origin.

14. Corn (Maize)

15. That is incorrect, sorry.

16. That is correct!

17. Horses

18. That is incorrect, sorry.

19. You are correct!

20. Avocado

21. That is incorrect, sorry.

22. You are correct!

23. Small pox, measles, typhus

24. That is incorrect, sorry.

25. You are correct!

26. Squash, pumpkin

27. That is incorrect, sorry.

28. You are correct!

29. Cocoa

30. That is incorrect, sorry.

31. You are correct!

32. Pigs and cattle

33. That is incorrect, sorry.

34. You are correct!

35. Christianity

36. That is incorrect, sorry.

37. You are correct!

38. Potatoes, sweet potatoes

39. That is incorrect, sorry.

40. You are correct!

41. Peanuts

42. That is incorrect, sorry.

43. You are correct!

44. Chili peppers

45. That is incorrect, sorry.

46. You are correct!

47. Grapes (wine)

48. That is incorrect, sorry.

49. You are correct!

50. Wheat

51. That is incorrect, sorry.

52. You are correct!

53. Chickens, (eggs)

54. That is incorrect, sorry.

55. You are correct!

56. Tomato

57. That is incorrect, sorry.

58. You are correct!

59. Sugar

60. That is incorrect, sorry.

61. You are correct!

62. Tobacco

63. That is incorrect, sorry.

64. You are correct!

65. Rice

66. That is incorrect, sorry.

67. You are correct!

68. Bananas

69. That is incorrect, sorry.

70. You are correct!

71. Goats and Sheep

72. That is incorrect, sorry.

73. You are correct!