1. Career guidance in the 21st century
New technologies and methods – lessons for KSA
Tristram Hooley, Professor of Career Education, University of Derby

2. Roles and challenges for career guidance
Overview
Best practices
New methods
The role of ICT
Roles and challenges for career guidance

3. Roles and challenges for career guidance
Overview
Best practices
New methods
The role of ICT
Roles and challenges for career guidance

5. OECD definition
Career guidance refers to services and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers…
The activities may take place on an individual or group basis, and may be face-to-face or at a distance (including help lines and web-based services). (OECD, 2004)

7. Career guidance in KSA
KSA is developing a world class career guidance system very quickly.
Key rationales for this development include the ‘youth bulge’, Saudisation, the development of a vocational education system and the need to make better use of women in the workforce.
The country has moved quickly from policy to strategy to implementation.

8. Goals for the KSA careers system
Empower Saudis to equally consider all sectors of the job market (not just the public sector)
Instil the value of a productive, lifelong career
Encourage the principle that all jobs are valued
Engender realistic expectations about entry-level jobs
Enable Saudis to plan their careers according to personal aspirations and market need

9. Challenges for the KSA careers system
Culture
KSA is different to any other country which has established a career guidance system.
Theory
There is a need to rethink Western careers theories for the Saudi context.
Policy
As with all countries there is a need for sustained policy making and ongoing cooperation across government departments.
Practice
The career guidance profession within KSA needs to grow and develop its qualification levels and expertise.

11. Roles and challenges for career guidance
Overview
Best practices
New methods
The role of ICT
Roles and challenges for career guidance

13. Framework for online careers provision
Provision of information
Providing access to automated interactions
Offering communication
One-to-one
One-to-many/many-to-one
Many-to-many

14. LMI for All

15. Aggregation http://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/top-30-skills-chart

16. icould

19. What information is trusted?

20. Responses: Changing the choice architecture

21. Key technological trends to consider
User driven
Social
Mobile
Blended and integrated (what is the role of intermediaries)
Big data
Artificial intelligence and the growth in the semantic web

22. Roles and challenges for career guidance
Overview
Best practices
New methods
The role of ICT
Roles and challenges for career guidance

23. Different types of career theory
Matching
We can understand the individual and match them to the labour market.
Developmental
Our careers develop throughout our lives and we need to be constantly building them.
Postmodern
Life and career is complex. We need to recognise that the unexpected will happen and be prepared to build our own career stories in the chaos.
Social
Our careers are part of wider social and political systems. We can’t just focus on individual career advancement at the expense of community and societal needs.

24. Resources on career theory

25. Roles and challenges for career guidance
Overview
Best practices
New methods
The role of ICT’
Roles and challenges for career guidance

26. Career guidance is most effective where it
Is lifelong and progressive.
Connects meaningfully to the wider experience and lives of the individuals who participate in it.
Recognises the diversity of individuals and provides services relevant to their needs.
Combines a range of interventions (e.g. one-to-one and online support).
Encourages the acquisition of career management skills.
Is holistic and well-integrated into other support services.
Involves employers and working people, and provide active experiences of workplaces.
Is delivered by skilled, well-trained and motivated practitioners.
Draws on good-quality career information.
Is quality-assured and evaluated.

27. Good career guidance in schools (Gatsby)
A stable careers programme
Learning from career and labour market information
Addressing the needs of each pupil
Linking curriculum learning to careers
Encounters with employers and employees
Experienced of workplaces
Encounters with further and higher education
Personal guidance

28. What works in employer engagement

29. References
Gatsby Charitable Foundation (2014). Good Career Guidance. London: Gatsby.
Hooley, T. (2014). The Evidence Base on Lifelong Guidance. Jyväskylä, Finland: European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (ELGPN).
Hooley, T. (2017). Borrowing policy and managing the clash of context and theory: The Saudi experiment with career guidance. In Sultana, R. G. (Ed.). Career Guidance and Livelihood Planning in the Mediterranean Region: Critical and Comparative Perspectives. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Hooley, T., Shepherd, C. and Dodd, V. (2015). Get Yourself Connected: Conceptualising the Role of Digital Technologies in Norwegian Career Guidance. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies, University of Derby.
OECD. (2004). Career Guidance and Public Policy: Bridging the Gap. Paris: OECD.
The Careers & Enterprise Company. (2016). Moments of Choice: How Education Outcomes Data Can Support Better Informed Career Decisions. London: The Careers and Enterprise Company.
The Careers & Enterprise Company. (2016). What Works in Careers and Enterprise? London: The Careers and Enterprise Company.

30. Summary
Career guidance offers some major opportunities for Saudi Arabia. However, a successful implementation will require the country to overcome a number of challenges.
ICT offers some major opportunities, but it is important to avoid assuming the more information is always better.
There is a lot of pre-existing research, practice and theory that can support the development of career guidance in Saudi Arabia.

31. Tristram Hooley Professor of Career Education
International Centre for Guidance Studies
University of Derby
@pigironjoe
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