1. Argumentation
The act or process of giving reasons for or against something. The act or process of making and presenting arguments.
MAKING A CLAIM
CHALLENGING ANOTHER’S CLAIM
BACKING UP A CLAIM
REBUTTING A CLAIM

2. Argumentation Writing
Sets out to change the reader’s point of view
Encourages action on a particular issue
Convinces the reader to accept the writer’s explanation of concepts, issues, and problems.
Builds proof using reasoned, logical presentation of information with evidence and statistics.

3. Issue An important topic or problem VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES ANIMAL TESTING
DRIVING AGE
UNIFORMS
TEXTING WHILE DRIVING
CLIMATE CHANGE

4. Topic Selection Must be a debatable issue
Must be two or more views on the same issue
PRO
CON

5. Point of View Opinion or belief that someone holds about an issue. PRO
CON

6. Rhetoric/Rhetorical Argument
The art of communication that is effective and organized.
The affect of text/words on audiences.
The art of persuasion.
What is a Rhetorical Argument?
A Rhetorical Argument is basically a persuasive argument that uses one or a combination of its three distinct "appeals": Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.
In general, a Rhetorical Argument may make use of one or a combination of any of the appeals.

7. Ethos, Logos, Pathos

8. Credible Source
A source (article, primary source, book, website, reference materials) that provides accurate and reliable information.
PROBABLY NOT THE MOST RELIABLE.

9. Claim
A statement essentially arguable, but used as a primary point to support or prove an argument is called a claim.
If somebody gives an argument to support their position, it is called making a claim.
A claim consists of:
Topic + Position/Belief = CLAIM

10. Arguments/Reasons/Grounds
The main facts that will be used to support the claim.
Reasons are attached to claim to form a thesis in the essay.
FYI: These reasons form the topic sentences of your body paragraphs in an argument essay.

11. Counterclaims/Counterarguments
The opposing argument/side.
Acknowledge alternate claims/perspectives without undermining your argument.
Shows credibility, knowledge of both sides

12. Refute/Rebut To prove an argument is wrong.
Must be supported with evidence.
Evidence that negates or disagrees with the counterclaim.

13. Relevant Evidence Information supporting and refuting the arguments.
One must have relevant evidence from credible sources to support the claim.
examine data
ask questions based on data
reexamine data
try to answer the questions
qualified data that supports our answer = EVIDENCE!