COMMERCIAL CABLING TOPOLOGY AND STANDARDS

COMMERCIAL CABLING TOPOLOGY AND STANDARDS
MODULE 7 FIBER OPTIC-BASED SYSTEM Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards
7 1 Goal 7 In this module students are familiarized with the standards that apply to Fiber Optic network cabling. They will identify and define commercial LAN topologies, blueprint symbols and standard application processes. Students will be familiarized with standard terminology and accepted industry procedures. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Objectives: Define the role of codes and standards in dealing with Fiber Optic cabling Identify that the National Electric Code is designed to protect individuals and property Define the difference between both mandatory and advisory terms used in standards Identify a Fiber Optic cable as conductive, non-conductive or composite as defined by the National Electrical Code Identify types of cables and their applications to include: plenum, riser, general purpose and restricted application Given a cable substitution chart correctly identify a substitution Define the purpose of cable foot markers Given the Fiber Optic color code for Fiber Optic cables, identify a fiber by its number, color and bundle Identify a Fiber Optic cable type by its labeling Define IFC cable as intra facility cable and state uses and construction Define OSP cable as outside plant cable and state uses and construction Identify the aspects of both loose and tight buffer Fiber Optic cable Given a cable comparison chart indicate the uses and limitations of tight buffer and loose tube cabling types Identify the cabling topology used in commercial Fiber Optic cabling Define Moves, Adds, and Changes in regards to cabling Identify the six subsystems of a commercial cabling system as: entrance facility, backbone cabling, horizontal cabling, Telecommunications Room, Equipment Room and Work Area Given a diagram of a Fiber Optic cabling system in a commercial building identify the backbone cable, main cross connect, intermediate cross connect, horizontal cross connect, first and second level backbone cable and the Work Area outlet Identify the types of cabling recommended for commercial applications Identify the blue print symbols used to identify outlets, cables and splices Define how cables should be labeled Define how telecommunications equipment is color coded in an Equipment Room Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Introduction to Standards and Topologies
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 Introduction to Standards and Topologies Simply stated, a topology is the way cables are laid out in a building. The topology is the map that the connectivity system cables and devices follow. These topologies are laid out in industry standards. Standards are the rules by which everyone complies. New Term Star Topology - A network layout where all devices are connected to a central hub. Also called a home run configuration. Figure 7.1.1 Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 1 Currently, the standards recommend the star topology. This is because of the ease of changing configurations. Each element in the system is connected to the central hub (the Telecommunications Room, for example). The status of one device does not affect the other devices in the configuration. The star configuration makes it easier to move a device from one location to another, add a new device, or change the properties of an existing device. After a cabling system is in place, the majority of the technician’s job will involve MAC. Figure 7.1.2 For example, if Mary and John change offices, in order to keep their telephone and network connections straight, it's just a matter of changing the connections in the Telecommunications Room. If a new hire needs to be added to the network, all the work is done in the Telecommunications Room without disturbing any other installed devices. The star topology is also called a home run. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 1 Standards You will notice that some standards have both a TIA and EIA designation while others just have a TIA reference. This indicates that some standards were jointly developed while others were not. As an entry-level Network Cabling Specialist (NCS) you won't have to make decisions based on specifications contained in the standards. That's for the system designers or engineers. The cable you will be provided with should comply with standards. However, you should be familiar enough with the specifications to ask questions if the need arises. Figure 7.3.1 Current standards and updates can be purchased at: global.ihs.com Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

The National Electric Code
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 1 The National Electric Code The National Electric Code (NEC) is a document provided by the National Fire Protection Association, and it's been adopted as the electric code for the United States. The NEC is designed to protect individuals and property. It covers protection from incorrect cables or applications that may be unsafe or unhealthy. Figure 7.4.1 Figure 7.4.2 Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

mandatory – Something that must done.
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 1 All installers and building inspectors follow the NEC and compliance is mandatory. Some states have added additional requirements. When installing cabling, always check with the local authorities and/or trade organizations to determine specific state or local requirements. The NEC is updated at regular intervals and the latest version can be viewed and obtained from New Term mandatory – Something that must done. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Mandatory and Advisory Terms
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 1 Mandatory and Advisory Terms When you're reading the codes and standards, you have to know the difference between mandatory terms and advisory terms. Codes will sometimes describe particular ways of doing things. Sometimes you have to do it that way; sometimes it's only a suggestion. That's the difference between mandatory and advisory. Figure 7.5.1 Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 If the Code says: Then it's You can… Advisory-you do have a choice You may… You must… mandatory-you don't have a choice You shall… You should… You will… You would… New Term mandatory Term – Binding rules that must be followed. Advisory Terms – A suggested way to accomplish a task. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

The National Electric Code and Fiber Optic Cable
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 1 The National Electric Code and Fiber Optic Cable Article 770 of the NEC defines the types of cable and their fire ratings. Even though fiber does not pass electricity the components of a cable may. This could lead to a dangerous condition. Codes have been written to protect people and property. The NEC defines three types of Fiber Optic cables and they are: conductive non-conductive composite The NEC further defines cables by the way they smoke or burn when exposed to fire. Cables are classified by where they are to be used for protection against toxic fumes. plenum riser general purpose restricted application Each type of cable has its own label. Note the cable labeling while reviewing cable types on the next few pages. Figure 7.6.1 Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Conductive Cable and Non-Conductive Cable Conductive Cables
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 1 Conductive Cable and Non-Conductive Cable Conductive Cables Cables used outside can be conductive cables if they contain metallic elements. These cables are not designed to conduct electricity but they can if they come in contact with an electric source. Examples of conductive cables have metallic armor used as a protective cover or have a metal strength member. The letter C in the cable type area on the Fiber Optic cable indicates a conductive cable. The NEC requires the metal portion of the cable be grounded. Conductive cable has a C in its label indicating it has metal parts. For example, OFC = Optical Fiber Conductive Non-Conductive Cables Cables that have no metallic parts and are not capable of conducting electricity are called non-conductive cables. Examples of a non-conductive cables would be the patch cords or building cable that are used in this course. The letter N in the cable type area on the Fiber Optic cable indicates a non-conductive cable. For example: OFN = Optical Fiber Non-Conductive Figure 7.7.1 Figure 7.7.2 New Term Conductive Cable – A cable that contains metallic elements like a sheath or strength member that could conduct electricity. Non-conductive cable – A cable that will not conduct electricity. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 1 Composite cables are cables that contain fibers as well as copper or other current-carrying metallic cables. An example of a composite cable would be a structured cable that contains fiber as well as UTP or coaxial cable. Another example would be Fiber Optic cable that contains two-pair phone cable. This is sometimes used in large jobs so the technicians can communicate with each other during installation. What's the difference between conductive cable and composite cable? A composite cable is designed to carry current in addition to the Fiber Optic cable component. Conductive cable is capable of carrying current if it was to come in contact with an electric source, but it's not meant to do so. These three cabling types are subject to different restrictions and standards. The NEC lays out specific requirements concerning grounding, placement and distances to electrical sources. For example, the NEC states that a non-conductive cable may share a cable routing tray with electrical cables that carry up to 600 volts, but a conductive cable may not. A copy of the NEC should be available on the job site. Senior Network Cabling Specialists can help newly hired Network Cabling Specialists in finding the parts of the NEC that apply. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Figure 7.8.1 New Term Composite cable – A cable that includes both optic fibers and copper or other metallic cable. A cable designed to conduct electricity as well as carry optic signals. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 1 Plenum Cable Plenum cable The Label above indicates: optical fiber
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 1 Plenum Cable Another way of classifying cable is according to where it may be used. This is also a function of how the cable is constructed. If cables are installed in air spaces they are made of less toxic plastics. They are also more expensive. Plenums are the places air circulates in a building as part of a heating or air conditioning system. Air ducts, under floor ducts and ventilation shafts are all examples of plenums. Fiber Optic cable can be run in plenums, but the cable must be plenum rated. Plenum cable Plenum cable can be run in plenums. Plenum rated cable will carry the “P” designator. T Y P E O F N P ( U L ) New Term Plenum – The places air circulates in a building as part of a heating or air conditioning system. The Label above indicates: optical fiber non-conductive plenum Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 The label on the cable on the left indicates: optical fiber
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 Riser Cable riser cable, also known as backbone cable, is used in vertical spaces of buildings and it is used to connect all of the floors in a building. Riser cable is often used inside elevator shafts and areas in a building that allow access to the floors above and below called risers. Riser cables are required not to spread a flame upwards when placed vertically in a building. Riser cable may not be used in air plenums unless it is placed in a separate pipe called a conduit. Riser cable can be run in risers and will carry the “R” designator. Figure The label on the cable on the left indicates: optical fiber non-conductive riser New Term Conduit – A piping system designed to carry cables. riser Cable – Cable that can pass from one floor space to another. Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 General Purpose and Restricted Application Cable General purpose Fiber Optic cable is used for patch cords and can be used for cabling runs within a single floor as long as it is not in a plenum. You can't put it in plenums and you can't put it in risers. General purpose cable is the cable of choice in the typical cabling runs and terminations you will be accomplishing. This type of cable has the “G” designator. T Y P E O F N G ( U L ) The label on the above cable indicates optical fiber non-conductive general purpose Figure New Term General Purpose – Fiber Optic cable that is used on one floor. restricted Application – Cable that may or may not be labeled with very restrictive uses. Restricted Application Cables Restricted application cables carry the lowest protection rating. Sometimes these cables may not even be labeled. They may not be used behind walls or other concealed places. They can be run in cable trays, as long as they are easily visible and the run is no longer than 10 feet. You are however, allowed to run one general purpose optical cable pair anywhere in a residence. All cable types can be run in a plenum or riser or behind walls if they are in a conduit. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems Figure

Cable Classifications
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 Cable Classifications These classifications are shown by abbreviations. The table below shows the type of cable and the abbreviations. These abbreviations are printed right on the cable so the technician can determine an exact cable type. Using your patch cord or building cable, identify it as riser, plenum, conductive, non-conductive or general purpose. Abbreviation meaning OFNP Optical Fiber Non-conductive Plenum OFCP Optical Fiber Conductive Plenum OFNR Optical Fiber Non-conductive riser OFCR Optical Fiber Conductive riser OFNG Optical Fiber Non-conductive General purpose OFCG Optical Fiber Conductive General purpose OFN Optical Fiber Non-conductive OFC Optical Fiber Conductive Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Cable Substitution Sometimes the cable you need is not available and you must substitute. Some substitutions are allowed and some are not. Here's a chart that gives the details. Cable Label Allowable Substitutions OFNP No Substitution OFCP OFNR OFCR OFNP, OFCP, OFNR OFNG and OFN OFNP, OFNR OFCG and OFC OFNP, OFCP, OFNR, OFCR, OFNG, OFN Some general rules: You can substitute plenum cable for anything else, but nothing can take the place of plenum cable except another plenum cable. You can always substitute a non-conductive cable for a conductive one, but conductive cable should never replace non-conductive. Generally speaking, you always substitute a cable of lesser risk. Refer to the C-Tech information card for an example of the chart above. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Other Cable Markings Often Fiber Optic cables will tell you the manufacturer of the cable as well as its intended purpose. The cable abbreviations may also be spelled out as to cabling type. Cables often have feet markers on them. The markers are handy when installing and cutting cable. They can also be used to quickly find a fault that is reported by distance. Figure Figure Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Activity 7.1 Types and Classes of Optical Cables
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 Activity 7.1 Types and Classes of Optical Cables Select the correct answer. 1. Technicians must comply with the National Electric Code. a. true b. false 2. Indicate if the following terms are mandatory or advisory. a. mandatory b. advisory a. Can b b. Will a c. Should b d. Must a e. May b 3. Conductive cables are designed to conduct electricity. a. true b. false 4. Composite cables are designed to conduct electricity. a. true b. false 5.Using the labels given identify the cable type: OFCP Optical Fiber Conductive Plenum OFNG Optical Fiber Non-Conductive General Purpose 6. Which of the cables in question 5 is conductive? (circle you answer) a. b. 7. What types of cable can be substituted for OFNR cable? None unless in a conduit or OFNP. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Fiber Number Color Abbreviation Fiber Optic Color Code
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 Fiber Optic Color Code The standards also include the color code for optical fiber. The buffers of fibers are color-coded so you can identify them when you're working with them. The color code is set up in very much the same way as the copper color code. These codes have been standardized, so you will always find the same colors and color sequence in the cables of any manufacturer. Fiber Number Color Abbreviation 1 Blue BL 2 Orange OR 3 Green GR 4 Brown Br 5 Slate SL 6 white WH 7 Red RD 8 Black BK 9 Yellow YL 10 Violet VI 11 Rose RS Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 12 Aqua AQ 13 Blue with Black Tracer D/BL 14
Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards 7 12 Aqua AQ 13 Blue with Black Tracer D/BL 14 Orange with Black Tracer D/Or 15 Green with Black Tracer D/GR 16 Brown with Black Tracer D/Br 17 Slate with Black Tracer D/SL 18 white with Black Tracer D/WH 19 red with Black Tracer D/RD 20 Black with Yellow Tracer D/BK 21 Yellow with Black Tracer D/YL 22 Violet with Black Tracer D/VI 23 rose with Black Tracer D/RS 24 Aqua with Black Tracer D/AQ Tracers or marks may be broken lines, solid lines, spiral lines or rings. When using the abbreviations the “D” indicates the tracer. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Bundled Cables Typically you will be dealing with building cables of 6 or 12 fibers. The colors will go from blue to white or aqua. So, if you have a cable with 12 fibers in it, fiber # 1 will always be blue, no matter who made the cable, and fiber 12 will be aqua. Remember in cables that have multiple bundles, the fibers are numbered cable. In this example bundle #1 are jacket of bundle #1 bundle #2 are that bundle jacket bundle 3 are numbered that bundle jacket cable, the first fiber still blue, but it is bundle #2 (7 - 12) bundle #3 ( ) bundle #1 (1 – 6) bundle #4 ( ) Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Figure The information card provides a quick reference on how to determine a cables number. Cable numbers go across and cable bundles go up and down. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Activity 7.2 The Optical Color Code
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Activity 7.2 The Optical Color Code For bundles of 12 cables: 6. The yellow cable in the green bundle is cable number 7. The aqua cable in the aqua bundle cable is cable number 8.The yellow cable in the rose bundle is cable number 9.The black cable in the black bundle is cable number 10.The yellow cable in the black bundle is cable number 93 . Use the color code card and answer the following questions. For bundles of 6 cables: 1. The blue cable in the blue bundle is cable number 2. The green cable in the green bundle is cable number 15 . 3. The blue cable in the green bundle is cable number 13 . 4. The white cable in the slate bundle cable is cable number 30__. 5. The white cable in the white bundle is cable number Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Figure 7.18.1 Commercial Cabling Topology and Standards
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards
7 IFC and OSP Cables When dealing with Fiber Optic cables you will also come in contact with the terms IFC and OSP. IFC means Intra facility Cable. These are the cables that you are working with in this program. They are cables designed to be used in buildings. They require less protection from the environment and have more flexibility. Inter and Intra – There is a difference! Inter means between. An interstate leaves one state and goes to another. While intra means within. In the case of cabling, intra facility is inside the building. Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 OSP means Outside Plant. These are the cables that are used outside. They are bundled in much higher fiber counts and additional protection against the elements. New Term IFC – Intra facility cables are the cables used inside buildings. OSP – Outside Plant Fiber Optic cables are the cables with additional protections for hostile environments. Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 IFC Cable Intra facility cable is used inside buildings. The patch cord and the building cable used in this course are examples of IFC. Figure Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Dark Fiber Dark fiber is optical fiber infrastructure (cabling and repeaters) that is currently in place but is not being used. Optical fiber conveys information in the form of light pulses so the “dark” means no light pulses are being sent. For example, some electric utilities have installed optical fiber cable where they already have power lines installed in the expectation that they can lease the infrastructure to telephone or cable TV companies or use it to interconnnect their own offices. To the extent that these installations are unused, they are described as dark. “Dark fiber service” is service provided by local exchange carriers (LECs) for the maintenance of optical fiber transmission capacity between customer locations in which the light for the fiber is provided by the customer rather than the LEC. New Term Dark Fiber – is fiber that is not currently being used to send light impulses. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 OSP Cable The term OSP refers to outside plant Fiber Optic cables. The outside plant is the connectivity between buildings, networking sites and repeaters. These cables are outside and in direct contact with the environment. Figure OSP cables can be buried, strung between telephone poles or used underwater. These cables can be exposed to harsh environments, including rain, wind, temperature extremes and sea water. These cables require additional protection. Cable jackets, additional sheathing, larger and stronger strength members and sometimes even armored, covers are required to keep these cables protected. Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 OSP cables have higher fiber counts and they can be loose tube, meaning the fibers float freely in the center of the cable. OSP can be submerged. Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Tight Buffer or Loose Tube
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Tight Buffer or Loose Tube Tight or loose buffer refers to how the fiber is configured inside the cable jacket. Tight Buffer IFC cables are generally tight buffer cables. The fiber is firmly held in place by the cable components including the strength members and jacket. Why tight buffer? Tight buffer cable is small and flexible. They have lower fiber counts and are ideal for inside buildings. Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Loose Tube When the fiber floats freely inside the cable jacket, it is called loose tube. Loose tube optic cable is used in OSP situations. Why loose tube? Imagine an OSP optic cable hanging between two telephone poles. Now imagine the cable being hit by a tree limb. What do you think happens? The shock of impact shakes the entire cable. The open space around the fibers protects them from the impact. The fibers simply float in their own chamber. Often these chambers are even filled with water blocking gel – further protecting the fibers. New Term Loose Tube – A cable in which a fiber floats inside a jacketed cable. Tight Buffer – A cable in which the fiber is part of the structure of the cable. Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Cable Comparisons Bend radius is the amount of bend that a cable can take before it is damaged. The less a cable is bent the better. Outlets and distribution devices have cable management systems built into them so a cable can be gently wound in a large circle. Typical single cables should not be bent (placed into a circle smaller than one inch). If that cable is under load (being pulled into a location, that number doubles to 2 inches). For larger cables under no load they should not be bent into a circle less then 10 times the diameter of the outside of the cable. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 GOOD BAD Damaged or Crush Fiber Count
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 GOOD BAD Damaged or Crush Fiber Count Figure Figure Figure Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Loose Tube Characteristic Tighter Buffer Bend Radius Smaller Larger
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Characteristic Tighter Buffer Loose Tube Bend Radius Smaller Larger Damage caused by impact Damage caused by crushing Fiber Count Cost Use IFC OSP New Term Bend Radius – The bend of a cable. If a cable is bent too tightly it could be damaged. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Activity 7.3 Optical Cable Types
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Activity 7.3 Optical Cable Types Select the best answer. For the next five questions indicate if the cable type is IFC or OSP. 1.The type of cables that were used in module 5 of this program ____IFC. 2.Cable used inside of a building ____IFC. 3.Undersea cable ____OSP. 4.The optical cable on telephone poles ____OSP. 5.Patch cords ____IFC. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Activity 7.3 Optical Cable Types
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Activity 7.3 Optical Cable Types 6. Define Bend Radius. Grade to Standard 7. Describe a loose tube cable. 8. Describe a tight buffer cable. 9. Typically a loose tube cable would be _________________. a. IFC b. OSP 10.Typically a tight buffered cable would be _________________. a. IFC b. OSP Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Topologies Simply stated, a topology is the way cables are laid out in a building. The topology is the map that the connectivity system cables and devices follow. These topologies are laid out to industry standards, principally TIA/EIA 569-A for commercial buildings. New Term Equipment room – An enclosed space for telecommunications equipment, often specialized in function. It may house main or intermediate cross-connects. Telecommunications room – An enclosed space housing telecommunications equipment, cable terminations and cross-connects. This is where backbone cabling is connected to horizontal cabling. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards Figure 7.25.1
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Entrance Facilities and Backbone Cabling
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Entrance Facility These are the places where outside and inside backbones meet cabling coming into the building. There is usually a Telecommunications Room or Equipment Room where the main cross connection takes place. This room may contain telecommunications equipment of various kinds. There may be more than one entrance point, for example, one on the ground floor for standard cabling, and one on an upper floor for aerials or satellite dishes. A cross-connection is where two cable runs or subsystems come together. Entrance Facilities and Backbone Cabling The six parts of a cabling system are: Entrance Facilities (EF) backbone cabling Telecommunication Rooms (TR) Equipment Rooms (ER) horizontal cabling Work Area (WA) Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Backbone Cabling Backbone cabling is large-scale cabling, carrying voice and data to whole buildings or floors or areas of buildings. It provides connections between Telecommunication Rooms and Equipment Rooms. Backbone cabling also includes cabling between buildings. In some cases, where the telecommunications activity is heavy, backbone may be provided between Telecommunication Rooms on the same floor. This is second-level, or secondary, backbone cabling. The place where first level and second level backbone cabling meet is called the intermediate cross connect. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 __New Term__ Cross-connection – A connection scheme between cable runs, subsystems and equipment using patch cords. Intermediate Cross-connect – A cross-connect between the first and second level backbone cabling. main Cross-connect – A cross-connect between backbone cabling and incoming telecom cables or equipment cables. entrance Facilities –The place where outside cabling connects with the intra building backbone cabling. The demarcation point between outside and inside. Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Telecommunication and Equipment Rooms Telecommunication room (TR)
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Telecommunication and Equipment Rooms Telecommunication room (TR) The Telecommunication Room provides an area for the termination of horizontal cable distribution and backbone cable on the appropriate hardware. In some cases, cross-connections between different portions of the backbone cabling may be placed here. Telecommunications equipment, connecting hardware, splice closures and the like are also sometimes placed in the Telecommunications Room. Within this protected environment, patch cords are used to make cross-connections between terminated cable runs. These patch cords allow you to perform system adds, moves and changes without having to make new cable terminations. If you unplug a patch cord, you gain access to monitor, test and troubleshoot individual cable runs. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Equipment Rooms New Term
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Equipment Rooms The Equipment Room can serve many of the same functions as a Telecommunications Room. It differs from a TR in that it contains more system equipment. Its primary function is to provide a controlled environment to house equipment, as well as cabling terminations and connections. Equipment Rooms are sometimes specialized, given over to one piece of equipment and the cabling that it serves. New Term Backbone – The pathway between floors of a building or two or more different buildings. Backbones usually run from Telecommunications Room to Telecommunications Room. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Horizontal Cabling and Work Area Horizontal Cabling
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Horizontal Cabling and Work Area Horizontal Cabling Horizontal cabling extends from the Equipment Room or Telecommunication Room to the Work Area. This part of the cabling system usually runs along or within the floor or ceiling. Common services carried over this cabling are: voice communication premises switching equipment data communication Local Area Networks (LAN) other building signaling systems, like security or fire The greatest numbers of cables in a given cabling system are horizontal cables. The maximum cable length from room to outlet is 90m (295ft). Splices are not allowed in this distance, however you are allowed to use a consolidation point to make a transition between building pathways and the horizontal pathways. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 The length of your cable from room connection to the device itself cannot exceed 100m. This allows a 6m (20ft) patch cord to be used from the outlet to the equipment. A 3m (9.8ft) patch cord can then be used in the room to complete the connection. Once building construction is complete the horizontal cabling is difficult to access. Work Area The Work Area is where the devices served by the cabling can be found. Work area cabling runs from the outlet jack to the station equipment in the Work Area telephones, terminals, computers and so on. Because this equipment tends to get moved around a lot, patch cords are used. New Term Horizontal Cabling – The cabling between a telecommunication room and the outlet or horizontal cross-connect. Usually limited to a single floor. Horizontal Cross-connect –A cross connect between horizontal cabling and horizontal backbone or equipment. Consolidation Point – A location for interconnection of horizontal cables extending from building pathways into furniture (Work Area) pathways. work Area – The place where the devices served by cabling reside. Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Activity 7.4 Identifying Components of a Cabling System
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Activity 7.4 Identifying Components of a Cabling System Objective: To identify the types of cables used in a cabling system. Equipment: Student Manual Procedure: 1. Refer to the illustration on page 7-25. 2. In the illustration below, fill-in the missing information where indicated by a line (numbers 1-16). Telecommunications Room 3rd Level Backbone Telecommunications Room Horizontal Cross-connect 2nd Level Backbone Equipment Room Main Cross- connect Intermediate Cross-connect Entrance Facility 1st Level Backbone Inter building Backbone Campus Backbone Workstation Horizontal Cabling Figure Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 3. Name the six subsystems of a structured cable system:
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 3. Name the six subsystems of a structured cable system: Entrance Facilities (EF) Telecommunication Rooms (TR) Backbone cabling Equipment Rooms (ER) Horizontal cabling Work Area (WA) Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Telecommunications Symbols
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Telecommunications Symbols In blueprints and other design documents the various elements of a cabling system are represented by standardized symbols. Here are some of the more common symbols and what they mean. ceiling outlet floor outlet ceiling drop pole cross-connect existing cable proposed cable existing straight splice encapsulated splice optical fiber cable Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Labeling Cable runs must be labeled with enough information to allow any technician to work with the cable safely and effectively. TIA/EIA-606 provides that each end of a cable be labeled with an identifier. Each piece of hardware should also be labeled. Each cable should be documented with its own record giving the following information: the cable identifier the cable type the number of unterminated pairs or conductors the number of damaged pairs or conductors the number of pairs or conductors not in use the termination location of each pair the backbone pathway associated with this cable the length of the cable (optional) equipment room Labeling In the Telecommunications Room or Equipment Room terminating hardware is mounted on backboards made of wood or other material. Terminating hardware is grouped on these boards according to the cable type and function. Some of the colors that pertain to Fiber Optic cabling are: Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Second-level backbone Network connections & auxiliary circuits
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Color Gray Green Purple Silver or White Type/Function Second-level backbone Network connections & auxiliary circuits First-level backbone Horizontal data cables, computer & PBX equipment Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Activity 7.5 Identifying Telecommunications Symbols and Labels
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Activity 7.5 Identifying Telecommunications Symbols and Labels Objective: To identify telecom symbols and name key features of telecom labels and the types of cables used in a cabling system. Equipment: Student Manual Write in the name above each symbol. Choose from this list: ceiling outlet encapsulated splice existing straight splice ceiling drop pole cross-connect optical fiber cable floor outlet proposed cable existing cable ceiling outlet floor outlet ceiling drop poll cross-connect existing cable proposed cable existing straight splice encapsulated splice optical fiber cable Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Module Review There are codes and standards. Codes, like the National Electric Code have to be followed while standards are the way things should be done. Codes and Standards have mandatory and advisory terms. The NEC determines the types and classes of cables. Types of optical cables are conductive, non-conductive and composite. Conductive cables can conduct electricity. Non-conductive cables do not conduct electricity. Composite cables are designed to conduct electricity. Cable is also divided into classes. The classes are plenum, riser, general purpose and restricted application. Plenum is for air spaces. Riser is for spaces between floors. General purpose can be used on one floor. Restricted application cables have the most limitations. Cables can be substituted. When substitutions are required, the systems engineer will substitute a cable of a higher class. Optical cables are color coded and most of the time are in groups of 6 or 12. Optical cables can be Intra Facility Cables (IFC) or Outside Plant (OSP). Most of the time OSP cable is loose tube while IFC cable is tight buffer. OSP cable is the type used on poles or underwater. IFC is the type of cable found in buildings. In loose tube cable, the fibers float in the space inside the cable jacket. Loose tube cable provides better protection to optical cables. Tight buffer is used inside and can be bent in a tighter circle or bend. The bend in a cable is called the bend radius. Cabling topology is the way cables should be placed in a building. There are 6 parts of a cabling topology. The cables are connected where the parts meet. The term cross-connect describes where two cables come together. Patch cords may be used to accomplish this. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 New Terms Terms Definition
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 New Terms Terms Definition Advisory Terms- A suggested way to accomplish a task. Backbone- The pathway between floors of a building or two or more different buildings. Backbones usually run from Telecommunications Room to Telecommunications Room. Bend radius- The bend of a cable. If a cable is bent to tightly it could be damaged. Composite Cable- A cable that includes both optic fibers and copper or other metallic cable. A cable designed to conduct electricity as well as carry optic signals. Conductive Cable- A cable that contain metallic elements like a sheath or strength member that could conduct electricity. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 Conduit- A piping system designed to carry cables.
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 Conduit- A piping system designed to carry cables. Consolidation Point- A location for interconnection of horizontal cables extending from building pathways into furniture (Work Area) pathways. Cross-Connection- A connection scheme between cable runs, subsystems and equipment using patch cords. Dark Fiber- Is fiber that is not currently being used to send light impulses. entrance Facilities- The place where outside cabling connects with the intra building backbone cabling the demarcation point between outside and inside. equipment room- An enclosed space for telecommunications equipment, often specialized in function. It may house main or intermediate cross-connects. General Purpose- Fiber Optic cable that is used on one floor. Horizontal Cabling- The cabling between a telecommunication room and the outlet or horizontal cross-connect. Usually limited to a single floor. Horizontal Cross-Connect-A cross-connect between horizontal cabling and horizontal backbone or equipment. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 IFC- Intra facility cables are the cables used inside buildings.
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 IFC- Intra facility cables are the cables used inside buildings. Intermediate Cross-Connect-A cross-connect between the first and second level back bone cabling. Loose Tube- A cable in which a fiber floats inside a jacketed cable. main Cross-Connect- A cross-connect between backbone cabling and incoming telecom cables or equipment cables. Mandatory- Something that must be done. mandatory Term- Binding rules that must be followed. Non-Conductive Cable- A cable that will not conduct electricity. OSP- Outside Plant Fiber Optic cables are the cables with additional protections for hostile environments. Plenum- The places air circulates in a building as part of a heating or air conditioning system. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7 restricted Application- Cable that may or may not be labeled with very restrictive uses. riser Cable- Cable that can pass from one floor space to another. Star Topology- A network layout where all devices are connected to a central hub. Also called a home run configuration. Telecommunications room-An enclosed space housing telecommunications equipment, cable terminations and cross-connects. This is where backbone cabling is connected to horizontal cabling. Tight Buffer- A cable in which the fiber is part of the structure of the cable. work Area- The place where the devices served by cabling reside. Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

Introduction to Networking Fiber Optic-Based Systems (Version 3.3)
© by C-Tech Associates, Inc. TRADEMARK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All Trademarks and Registered Trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Any oversight in acknowledging trademarks shall not be regarded as affecting the validity of any of these or as an infringement on them. ISBN# Fiber Optics 3.3 Student Manual and CD Fiber Optics 3.3 Student Manual, CD and Consumables Fiber Optics 3.3 Instructor Manual and CD Placement of Copper Cable System Residential & Commercial

QUESTIONS? Module Test Time! 7
Commercial Cabling Topologies and Standards 7 QUESTIONS? Module Test Time! Placement of Copper Cable System Residential & Commercial

COMMERCIAL CABLING TOPOLOGY AND STANDARDS

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "COMMERCIAL CABLING TOPOLOGY AND STANDARDS"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

COMMERCIAL CABLING TOPOLOGY AND STANDARDS

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "COMMERCIAL CABLING TOPOLOGY AND STANDARDS"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback