1. Project Title
PREPAID ENERGY METER
Under the Guidance of
Submitted by

2. ABSTRACT
The concept of Electronic Energy meters are introduced in the power sector to Effectively Monitor the billing faults, power theft and minimize the losses that are incurred due to conventional Electromechanical Energy Meters.
Prepaid Energy meter is a multipurpose project which can integrate all the functions like billing and automatic message response to the Energy Department into it.
This project is powered by an on-board power supply takes the ac power and converts it into dc power that is fed to on-board devices and integrated circuits.

3. PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM

4. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
POWER SUPPLY BLOCK
MICRO CONTROLLER (AT89S51/52)
GSM COMMUNICATION
GSM MODEM
LCD DISPLAY
MAX 232
DB9 CONNECTOR
ENERGY METER
OPTO COUPLER
1N4007
RESISTOR
CAPACITOR

5. POWER SUPPLY Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator 230 V AC 50 Hz 5V DC
Filter(470µf)
12V step down
transformer

6. ENERGY METER
An energy or electric meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically-powered device.
Electric meters are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour.
Periodic readings of electric meters establish billing cycles and energy used during a cycle.

7. It is a smaller computer Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
MICROCONTROLLER
It is a smaller computer
Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
RAM
ROM
I/O Port
Timer
Serial COM Port
Microcontroller
CPU
A single chip

8. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER-AT89S52/51
CPU
On-chip RAM
On-chip ROM for program code
4 I/O Ports
Timer 0
Serial Port
OSC
Interrupt Control
External interrupts
Timer 1
Timer/Counter
Bus Control
TxD RxD
P0 P1 P2 P3
Address/Data
Counter Inputs

9. Features of AT89S51/52 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Eight Interrupt Sources
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
Watchdog Timer
Dual Data Pointer

10. Pin Description

11. IR LED
An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength.
Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors.
The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common LED.
To overcome this problem, the camera on a cell phone can be used. The camera can show us the IR rays being emanated from the IR LED in a circuit.

12. PHOTO DIODE
A photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either current or voltage, depending upon the mode of operation.
Photodiodes are similar to regular semiconductor diodes except that they may be either exposed (to detect vacuum UV or X-rays) or packaged with a window or optical fibred connection to allow light to reach the sensitive part of the device.

13. BC547 The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.
The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small plastic packages.
It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through base and emitter and after that only current will pass from collector to emitter

14. DB9 CONNECTOR
The DB9 (originally DE-9) connector is an analog 9-pin plug of the D-Sub miniature connector family (D-Sub or Sub-D).

15. MAX 232
The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.
The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals .
When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL level
to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to
between +3 and +15V, and changes TTL
Logic 1 to between -3 to -15V, and vice
versa for converting from RS232 to TTL.

16. GSM COMMUNICATION
The term GSM usually means the GSM standard and protocols in the frequency spectrum around 900MHz. MS
- Mobile Station:
The MS is the physical equipment used by a subscriber, most often a normal hand-held cellular telephone.
BTS
-Base Transceiver Station:
The BTS comprises the radio transmission and reception devices, and also manages the signal processing related to the air interface.

17. GSM MODEM
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card,
and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.
From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.
When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to
use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.  
While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet
connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and
MMS messages.

18. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

19. If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
LCD BACKGROUND
If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW
EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )
R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)
(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)

20. WORKING OF PROJECT
Refer cd

21. Software Requirements
Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.
Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.

22. i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile the code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86 (underlying microprocessor in the computer).
For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the Compilers for Unix platform  So if one wants to define a compiler then compiler is a program that translates source code into object code.

23. BIBILOGRAPHY
“The Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson Education.
ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.

24. THANKYOU