1. Supplementary Material
Table S1. Values of the echocardiographic parameters in sham and MI groups
LEVDd (mm)
LEVSd (mm)
FS (%)
E wave velocity (cm/s)
A wave velocity (cm/s)
E/A ratio
HR (b.p.m)
Sham
3.99±0.30
2.40±0.18
39±9
63±2.50
34±1.01
1.84±0.02
420±15 MI
4.80±0.10#
4.02±0.05#
16±1#
103±6.00#
16±1.70#
6.87±1.01#
553±14#
LEVDd: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LEVSd: Left ventricular end-systolic diameter; FS: Fractional shortening; HR: Heart rate. Values are expressed as mean±SEM.
# P<0.01,MI vs. sham (Compared Student t-test);
n=4 in each group.

2. Table S2. Values of the echocardiographic parameters in sham, MI and MI+PBA groups.
LEVDd (mm)
LEVSd (mm)
FS (%)
E wave velocity (cm/s)
A wave velocity (cm/s)
E/A ratio
HR (b.p.m)
Sham
3.89±0.20
2.46±0.13
37±6
73±7.50
37±1.99
2.0±0.22
415±10 MI
4.78±0.10#
4.05±0.06#
15±1#
101±6.18##
26±2.43##
3.9±0.39#
563±11#
MI+PBA
3.99±0.08†
3.02±0.05†
24±1†
78±2.32††
62±2.34†
1.3±0.10†
588±20
LEVDd: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LEVSd: Left ventricular end-systolic diameter; FS: Fractional shortening; HR: Heart rate. Values are expressed as mean±SEM.
# P<0.01,
## P<0.05, MI vs. sham;
† P<0.01,
†† P<0.05, MI+PBA vs. MI (Bonferroni post hoc test);
n=4-6 in each group.

3. Fig. S1 Acute heart failure and cardiac rupture in mice following MI
Fig. S1 Acute heart failure and cardiac rupture in mice following MI. (A) The verification of the ST-elevated myocardial infarction (MI) in the mice using ECG monitor and TTC staining. After coronary artery ligation, the ST segment was significantly elevated, indicating transmural injury; TTC staining demonstrated infarcted areas of the left ventricle (white color) as we can see from Slide 1 (S1) to Slide 5 (S5). (B) The representative autopsy pictures of cardiac rupture within the first week of MI. Hemorrhage (blood clots) in the chest and rupture slits (yellow arrow) in the infarcted zone of the left ventricle were identified. (C) The representative autopsy pictures showing acute HF within the first week of MI. Pulmonary congestion (red arrows) and atrial congestion (black arrows) as signs of acute HF are presented. The autopsy pictures are representative of findings from at least five in the sham group and twenty in the MI group.

4. Fig. S2 Negative left ventricular remodeling, fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in mice following MI. (A) The dynamic changes of cardiac remodeling and fibrosis during the 28 days after MI. Masson staining was used to detect myocardial fibrosis (blue color) within the thin, infarcted left ventricular wall. Note the worsening aneurismal wall of the left ventricle and chamber dilation at the end of 28 days. (B) The representative autopsy pictures of the hearts in anterior and lateral view (turned arrow) after LCA ligation within 5 minutes (control) and after 1 day of MI. The left ventricular expansion (black arrow) was detected. (C) The representative autopsy pictures from mice that survived after sham operation or MI at the end of 4 weeks. The ventricular aneurysm (yellow arrow) was detected while no apparent pulmonary and atrial congestion was observed at this time point. (D) The echocardiographic images of B-, M-mode and Doppler flow velocities were taken at the 4 weeks after MI. B- and M-mode were recorded at the papillary muscle level and in-flow Doppler spectral captured at the mitral valve level for determining the systolic and diastolic functions, respectively. The representative autopsy pictures were obtained from at least six heart in each group. LVEDd: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESd: left ventricular end-systolic dimension; E: E wave of the mitral in-flow velocity; A: A wave of the mitral in-flow velocity.