1. Communication
Form 8
Term III

2. Communication
Give examples of spoken, written and non-verbal communication.
When do people use these forms of communication? Why? With whom?
How actively do Estonians use body language?

3. Warm-ups
Women’s body language:
TED on body language: language_shapes_who_you_are
Hand gestures:
Guide to body language:

4. Comprehension – reading I
Which activity ignited the author’s interest in body language?
What does the author of the text do?
Which professions especially need to know about non-verbal communication?
How can spoken and non-verbal communication contradict each other?
Why is it beneficial for everyone to learn about body language?

5. Vocabulary p 6
spark claim apparently itchy entirely scratch inspire convince build a reputation deductive skills powers of persuasion gain support dedicate to basics defensive
facial expressions gestures posture intonation to speak volumes reflexive movement interpret pupil of the eye involuntary sweat pouring off constantly minor matter have a downside assume attempt

6. TED – Amy Cuddy on body language
Our feelings can be seen through our body language.
Our body language can also change our mind – feelings.
Body language influences our hormones and thus also our behaviour.
High-power poses make us feel more confident bringing down stress level. So, don’t make yourself smaller!
In which situations might you need to be more confident and resistant to stress?
How could you apply this knowledge to your own life? School? Friends?

7. Warm-ups
Women’s body language:
TED on body language: language_shapes_who_you_are
Hand gestures:
Guide to body language:

8. Translate – p 6-7 vocabulary
Sinu näoilmed annavad palju informatisooni (‘räägivad palju’).
Minu huvi sütitas üks mees, kes proovis (not ‘try’) mind veenda, et ei valeta.
Kui su nina sügeleb, siis sa ei tohiks seda sügada.
Ta on usaldusväärne, sest tal on algteadmised veenmisoskusest.
Kuidas sa tõlgendad inimeste tahtmatuid liigutusi.

9. Comparisons - translate
Mina olen meie pere vanim laps.
Minu isa auto on palju suurem kui naabri oma.
Mida rohkem sa sööd, seda näljasem sa oled.
Mary on parim õpilane meie klassis.
Ta on sama pikk kui mina.
See oli kõige igavam film, mida ma eales näinud olen.
Ma pole sama vana kui mu vanaema.

10. Give comparisons
1) My father is heavy. My uncle is much ... than my father.
2) The test in Geography was easy, but the test in Biology was ....
3) Florida is sunny. Do you know the ... place in the USA?
4) Stan is a successful sportsman, but his sister is ... than Stan.
5) My mother has a soft voice, but my teacher's voice is ... than my mother's.
6) Amy has a beautiful baby, but my daughter has the ... baby on earth.
7) I live in a big family, but my grandfather lived in a ... family.
8) We have only little time for this exercise, but in the examination we'll have even ... time.
9) Lucy is clever, but Carol is ... than Lucy.
10) Have you visited the old castle? It was the ... castle we visited during our holidays.

11. Political body language
M (UK)
(US)
(May)
Q (May II)
NB! Monitor our politicians’ body language before elections!!!

12. Translate
Sinu väited pole kuigi veenvad, nii et tutvu esmalt algtõdedega.
Ta muutus väga ‘kinniseks’ kui ütlesin, et mulle meeldib inimeste kehakeelt tõlgendada.
Kehakeele juurde kuuluvad nii viiped, kehahoiak kui intonatsioon – need ‘räägivad palju’.
Tema silmad olid maha suunatud, ta punastas ja surus hambad kokku – ma arvan, et ta valetas.
Sa trummeldad sõrmedega ja koputad jalaga – miks sa nii kannatamatu oled?

13. How to read body language. (from http://www. wikihow
How to read body language? (from ) Step 1
Pay attention to how physically close someone is to you. The closer they are, the warmer they are thinking of you. If you move slightly closer to them and they move even closer to you, they probably really like you or are very comfortable around/by you. But this could also mean that they have a special comfort with you, a strong friendship or they consider you a member of their family.
It is worth noting that personal space is culturally fluid; keep in mind that what is considered close in one country is far away in another.

14. Step 2 Watch their head position.
Overly tilted heads are either a potential sign of sympathy, or if a person smiles while tilting their head, they are being playful and maybe even flirting.
Lowered heads indicate a reason to hide something. Take note if someone lowers their head. If it is when he is complimented, he may be shy, ashamed, timid, keeping distance from the other person, in disbelief, or thinking to himself or herself. If it is after an explanation, then he may be unsure if what he said was correct, or could be reflecting.
It should be noted that some cultures see this as a sign of respect.
Tilted heads mean that they are confused or challenging you, depending on their eye, eyebrow, and mouth gestures. Think of how a dog slightly tilts its head when you make a funny noise.

15. Step 3 Look into their eyes
People who look to the sides a lot are nervous, or distracted. Looking askance generally means the person is distrustful or unconvinced.
If someone looks down at the floor a lot, they are probably shy or timid. People also tend to look down when they are upset, or trying to hide something emotional. People are often thinking and feeling unpleasant emotions when they are in the process of staring at the ground.
Sometimes looking down and away from the body can indicate shame or guilt. Just be certain to validate this feeling by reverting back to the topic a second time to validate the body language reading.
Some cultures believe that looking at someone in the eyes is a sign of disrespect, or is only done with intimate friends or family, so this could explain why someone is avoiding eye contact with you.
Dilated pupils mean that the person is interested. Keep in mind, however, that many substances cause pupils to dilate, including alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, LSD and others. Don't mistake having a few drinks for attraction.
If their eyes seem focused far away, that usually indicates that a person is in deep thought or not listening.

16. Step 4
See if they're mirroring you. If someone mimics your body language this is a very genuine sign that they are trying to establish rapport with you. Try changing your body position here and there. If you find that they change theirs similarly, they are mirroring.
NB! People may also be counter-mirroring your body language – if you are using a high-power posture, they may be using a low-power posture.

17. Step 5 Check their arms
People with crossed arms are closing themselves to social influence. Though some people just cross their arms as a habit, it may indicate that the person is (slightly) reserved, uncomfortable with their appearance (self- conscious and trying to cover it), or just trying to hide something on their shirt. If their arms are crossed while their feet are shoulder width or wider apart, this is a position of toughness or authority.
Also be aware of their surroundings. If it's cold, or it might seem cold to them, they're probably just trying to stay warm.
If they are rubbing their hands together or somehow touching their own body, they might be comforting themselves (which means they aren't enjoying the current situation).
If someone rests their arms behind their neck or head, they are open to what is being discussed or just laid back in general.
If their hands are on their hips, they might be waiting, impatient or just tired.
If their hands are closed or clenched, they may be irritated, angry, or nervous.

18. Step 6
Pay attention to gestures in conversation. Exaggerated movements can express passion or interest in the subject. Frequent reaching forwards or superfluous hand gestures can mean that someone is trying to convince you of something. Noting the intensity, frequency, and reach of hand gestures can help you read another person's body language, but remember that the exact meaning of these gestures will depend largely on context.

19. Step 7 Be aware of nervous gestures
If someone brushes their hair back with their fingers, this may be a common gesture if the person likes you, but their thoughts about something conflict with yours. They might not voice this. If you see raised eyebrows during this time, you can be pretty sure that they disagree with you.
If the person wears glasses, and is constantly pushing them up onto their nose again, with a slight frown, that may also indicate they disagree with what you are saying. (Note: A frown may also indicate eyestrain, and constant re-adjusting of glasses could be the result of an improper fit. The distinguishing feature is whether they are looking directly at you while doing it.)
Lowered eyebrows and squinted eyes illustrate an attempt at understanding what is being said or going on. It's usually skeptical. This is presuming they are not trying to observe something that's far away.

20. Step 8 Watch their feet
A fast tapping, shifting of weight, laughing, or movement of the foot will most often mean that the person is impatient, excited, nervous, scared, or intimidated.
The meaning of feet tapping can usually be discerned depending on the context; if you are currently talking and they are tapping their feet, that is an indication of a desire to leave. Slow shuffling indicates boredom with the current situation.
Note though that some people with ADHD will constantly jiggle their legs. It doesn't mean anything, it's entirely subconscious and, while eccentric, it is difficult to stop. Some people also do it out of habit.
If the person is sitting, feet crossed at the ankles means they're generally at ease.
If while standing, a person seems to always keep their feet very close together, it probably means they are trying to be "proper" in some way. Sometimes feet together means that they are feeling more submissive or passive.
Some people may point their feet to the direction of where they want to go or sometimes their interest. So if it's pointing at you, he/she may be interested in you.

21. Test revision – U 1.1, 1.2 Vocabulary pp 6-9 Reading comprehension
Answering questions –body language, communication

22. Vocabulary - translate
Ta piilus aknast sisse, et näha, kas keegi tegeleb tühiste asjadega.
Ta on pühendanud oma elu teiste inimeste kehakeele tõlgendamisele.
Ilmselt ta valetas, kuna ta kratsis oma nina.
Tema hoiak oli kaitsev, aga tema hääl oli usaldusväärne.
Ma ei saanud tema liigutusest aru (not ‘understand’), sest ta ütles, et ei nõustu minuga, aga samal ajal noogutas peaga.
Ma ei teadnud vastust, seega kehitasin õlgu.

23. Fill in the gaps with suitable words
My uncle from severe headaches.
He wouldn’t open his mouth as he had .... his teeth.
How can you .... a living out of reading people?
Are you .... with the basics of mind reading?
The man angrily at the children who had smashed his flowerbeds.
He had .... his head as he was feeling sad.
Don’t .... your fingers at me – I’m moving as fast as I can!
Why are you .... your nose? There’s nothing wrong with the food!

24. Fill in the gaps with suitable forms
My house is (big) ... than yours.
This flower is (beautiful) ... than that one.
This is the (interesting) ... book I have ever read.
Non-smokers usually live (long) ... than smokers.
Which is the (dangerous) ... animal in the world?
A holiday by the sea is (good) ... than a holiday in the mountains.
It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) ... than a beer.
Who is the (rich) ... woman on earth?
The weather this summer is even (bad) ... than last summer.
He was the (clever) ... thief of all.

25. Answer the questions
Why would people scratch their nose when they are lying?
Why do people’s words and gestures contradict each other? Give examples.
How does body language influence us?
Why do politicians need to pay special attention to their gestures?
Give examples of meanings of some gestures.
How would you know if a person was shocked? Happy? Angry?(describe their body language)

26. Use the comparatives or superlatives of the adjectives in bold
This is a nice dog. It's much ___________ than my friend's dog.
Here is Mary. She's six years old. Her brother is ten, so he is ___________.
This is a difficult exercise. But the exercise with a tick (˅) is ____________ exercise on the worksheet.
He has an interesting hobby, but my brother has ____________ hobby in the world.
In the last holidays I read a good book, but aunt gave me an even ________ one last weekend.
School is boring, but homework is ______________ than school.

27. 7. White-water rafting is a dangerous hobby
7. White-water rafting is a dangerous hobby. Bungee jumping is ______________ than rafting.
8. This magazine is cheap, but that one is _______________.
9. We live in a small house, but my grandparents' house is even ____________ than ours.
10. Yesterday Tom told me a funny joke. This joke was _____________ joke I've ever heard.