1. The Fall of the Republic

2. Problems? Gap grew between patricians and plebeians.
Small farms= ruined or neglected during the Punic Wars=forced to sell land
Latifundia- huge estates built by patricians, which would be worked by slaves

3. The Gracchi Brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Served on behalf of the plebeians
Wanted land reform
Senators threatened by brothers.
Both murdered by Senators

4. Military Trouble Generals began seizing power for themselves
“Bread and Circuses”

5. First Triumvirate Political alliance of 3 rulers
Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus (CPC)
Agreed to rule EQUALLY

7. Julius Caesar
Young, popular, general, strong leader and military genius!
Became a hero for Rome’s lower classes.

8. Pompey Reacts Pompey fears Caesar’s growing power, popularity.
Senate orders Caesar to leave his army. He refuses
Civil War
Pompey flees and is killed.

9. Caesar’s Reforms Granted citizenship Expanded the size of the Senate
Sponsored building projects.
Allowed people to move
Increased the pay for soldiers
New Calendar

10. Caesar’s Assassination
Senators viewed Caesar as a tyrant.
Caesar walked into the Senate and the senators fell on him; he was stabbed 23 times
Ides of March-March 15, 44BCE

11. After J. Caesar Civil War=destroyed Republic
Octavian, Antony and Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate (lots of internal fighting)
Antony and Cleopatra joined together but eventually Octavian would defeat them.
Octavian=sole ruler of the Roman world
Octavian=Augustus or “The Majestic One”
Roman Republic is now the Roman Empire

12. 2. What reform did the Gracchus brothers suggest?
TTQA
1. What is a Triumvirate? And who made up the 1st triumvirate?
2. What reform did the Gracchus brothers suggest?
3. What was the “bread and circuses” policy?
4. What reforms did Julius Caesar put in place? (Name 4)
5.What did Octavian change his name to?

13. TTQA Journal 5 Today’s Date 1. Define Triumvirate,
2. Who made up the first triumvirate
3. Name 3 of J. Caesar’s reforms?