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Classification of Matter

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Presentation on theme: "Classification of Matter"— Presentation transcript:

1 Classification of Matter

2 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up volume
We call that DENSITY Density = mass/volume

3 How can matter be classified?
Matter can be divided into two categories Pure Substances – cannot be physically separated Mixtures – can be physically separated

4 Pure Substances can be divided into two categories
Elements – cannot be chemically separated (made up of one kind of atom) Compounds – can be chemically separated (made up of two or more elements)

5 Examples Elements – C, H, O, N, P, S
Compounds – NaCl, H2O, CO2, C6H1206

6 Compounds form to allow elements to become more stable
Example: Na is flammable around H2O, and Cl is a toxic gas. When they form a compound together, it is neither flammable nor toxic Compounds form depending on the number valence electrons of 2 or more elements – need 8 valence electrons to be stable Example: Na has 1 valence electron and Cl has 7 valence electrons. They form a compound together called salt.

7 Mixtures can be divided into two categories
Homogeneous Mixtures – all the parts are evenly distributed (not visible) Consists of ONE phase! Heterogeneous Mixtures – all the parts are unevenly distributed (visible) Consists of more than 1 phase!

8 Examples Homogeneous Mixtures – tea, water, coke
Heterogeneous Mixtures – pizza, trail mix

9 Homogeneous Mixtures are commonly known as solutions
Parts of a Solution Solution = Solute + Solvent Solute - “stuff” being dissolved Solvent - “stuff” doing the dissolving Example: Salt water Salt = solute Water = solvent

10 Types of Solution Hypotonic – concentration of solvent is greater than concentration of solute Hypertonic – [ ] of solute is greater than [ ] of solvent Isotonic – [ ] of both solvent and solute is equal

11 Methods in Separating Mixtures
Filtration – separates an insoluble solid from a liquid Evaporation – separates a soluble solid from a liquid Magnetism – separates solid substances, one of which is magnetic Floating – separates substances based on their density – more dense on the bottom, less dense on the top By Hand – separates substance by hand picking them out

12 Filtration

13 Evaporation

14 Magnet

15 Floating

16 By Hand

17

18 Pure Substance or Mixture?
Helium Kool-Aid Milk Salt Copper Ketchup Pure Substance (Element) Mixture Mixture Pure Substance (Compound) Pure Substance (Element) Mixture

19 B C A E D A, B C, E D


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