MODERN ISLAMIC LAW & ECONOMICS Landscape of eco-zakat: Strategies and Directions Mohamed Firdaus Kader Mohideen, Head Group Shariah, Malaysian Industrial.

MODERN ISLAMIC LAW & ECONOMICS Landscape of eco-zakat: Strategies and Directions
Mohamed Firdaus Kader Mohideen, Head Group Shariah, Malaysian Industrial Development Finance

What is Zakat Zakat, or almsgiving are considered to be expression of devotion to Allah and to purify his or her wealth and achieve salvation in return. Muslims believe that Allah SWT has created everything in this universe, and as such it belongs to Him solely, including the material possessions which we may think that we “own”. For Muslims, all these are gifts are from Allah SWT, and on temporary loan from Him.

What is Zakat Zakat can be interpreted into two different literal meanings; purification and growth & fertility. Purification can be interpreted as a means to cleanse the heart of the zakat recipients and the zakat payers where it eliminates the feeling of envy and hatred among the individuals in the society. It also enables Muslims to remove the feeling of egoism and it prepares them to forfeit their wealth for the sake of Allah

Zakat The growth and fertility here means that zakat recipients are able to utilize the wealth and achieve economic stability in the future where the recipients use the money to generate more income. Muslim jurists agree that personal and consumable wealth is not Zakatable. For growth the wealth must have the ability to grow or increase or multiply, or is itself a result of a process of growth, such as animals or agricultural products. However, Muslim scholars also deem money, gold, silver and merchandise to have the potential of growth as it is usually made to grow through trade.

Zakat Zakat is meant to help relieve the poor without impoverishing the rich, by having the rich to pay from their surplus, i.e. taking a little from the plenty. Zakat on wealth that does not grow reverses this purpose, since Zakat is paid year after year, over and above other living expenses.   Zakat is considered as a perfect system that helps to create stable and harmonious nation by taking some of the excess wealth from the rich and give it to the poor.

Zakat Zakat is an obligation on Muslim. Non-Muslims are not eligible to pay zakat. Zakat is as imperative as our five times daily prayers (sholat) as it is indicated in the Holy Quran that often mention the obligation of Sholat to be followed through directly by the obligation of zakat.

Zakat Zakat has literary meaning as purification (thaharah), growth (mana’), blessing (barakah), and praise (madh), in fact Zakat is a Muslim’s financial obligation to pay their some net property or agricultural produces, if those properties exceed the nisab limit to certain degree which, it is paid as the part of religion obligation.

Zakat as pillars of Islam
Zakat is one of the five main pillars of Islam. Zakat is an obligatory form of worship (ibadah) and zakat is categorised as obligatory charity. The Five Pillars of Islam consist of: Shahadah: sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith that there is no God except Allah and Prophet Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. Salat: performing ritual prayers in the proper way five times each day. Zakat: paying an alms (or charity) to benefit the poor and the needy or the recepients. Sawm: fasting during the month of Ramadan. Hajj: pilgrimage to Mekkah.

Five Pillars of Islam

Two types of Zakat Zakat is divided into two category : Zakat al Maal and Zakat Fitrah Zakat Fitrah is a zakat, which need to be paid by Muslims once a year during the month of Ramadan before the Muslims festive season celebration known as Eid Mubarak. Zakat Fitrah is also being referred as a zakat of the body Zakat Fitrah is based on 3kg of wheat or rice

THE BENEFITS OF ZAKAT Zakat is the pivot approach in Islamic teachings to encounter social problem such as poverty in society by sharing the percentage of wealth to relevant recipients as the obligation to the person who are affordable. The moral and material benefits of zakat are obvious. Giving zakat purifies the heart of the giver from selfishness and greed for wealth and develops in him sympathy for the poor and needy.

THE BENEFITS OF ZAKAT Receiving zakat purifies the heart of the recipients from envy and hatred of the rich and prosperous, and fosters in him a sense of good will towards his fellow brothers who although they are better off, have shared their wealth with him for the sake of Allah the All Mighty

Zakat could fulfill four main economics and social objectives
Zakat can eliminate poverty and sustain socioeconomic justice. Zakat can preserve people from envy. Zakat can cleanse the wealth of payer’s and abolish stinginess . Blesses the properties by the will of Allah and increases and protects them. Circulates wealth in the society so nobody can hold and monopolize it against the social interest of the people Zakat is a medium to keep faith on Allah’s bounties.

RECIPIENTS OF ZAKAT Those who are eligible to receive zakat are mentioned in the Holy Qur'an. The Quranic verse Surah Taubah verse 60 which read: “As-Sadaqat (here it means Zakat) are only for the Fuqara' (poor), and AlMasakin (the poor) and those employed to collect (the funds); and for to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (towards Islam); and to free the captives; and for those in debt; and for Allah's Cause, and for the wayfarer (a traveller who is cut off from everything); a duty imposed by Allah. And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise”

RECIPIENTS OF ZAKAT It should be remembered that these categories of persons who are to be helped by zakat were laid down fourteen hundred and thirty eight years ago. They are equally applicable to our own current time today. I. The poor (fuqara) : Those who does not have anything to support themselves . It refers to the person who does not have any means of income or person who do have a source of income but is not enough to meet their daily needs 2. The needy (masakin) : Those people who have some income or earnings but it is not enough to provide them with basic needs.

RECIPIENTS OF ZAKAT 3. Zakat collectors (amilin): The salaries of these workers may be paid from this fund and to pay expenses for zakat collection, administration and development so that all the programmes and aid can be carried out efficiently and effectively especially in helping the destitute and poor. 4. Converts(muallaf): Those people who have embraced Islam and attempts should be made to settle them in a normal life.

RECIPIENTS OF ZAKAT 5. People who are not free or slaves(ar-riqab): This category would include payment of ransom for freeing Muslim salves from slavery from their owners. It refers to those who have a contract with their master that limits their freedom. In Malaysia it was agreed by the Islamic Authority that Moral recovery and drug addicts centre are considered as the new beneficiaries in the modern concept and to free those trapped in prostitutions.

RECIPIENTS OF ZAKAT 6. Debtors(al-gharimin): People who are unable to pay debts incurred due to pressing lawful needs. 7. Wayfarers and travellers(ibnusabbil). : It refers to the travelers who are stranded for permissible purposes in Islam 8. In the Cause of Allah(fisabilillah) Also included publications of dakwah materials /books.

Five pre-requisites about the wealth prior to the zakat calculation.
The wealth should be in full ownership of the zakat payers. Wealth must be able to grow. It means that the wealth increase from time to time and it generates profits. Muslims are free from zakat if the wealth does not generate any income. Muslims are free from zakat if the wealth does not generate any income. The wealth must exceed the nisab. Nisab is the minimum of wealth that is subjected to zakat. If the wealth exceeds certain limits, Muslims are deemed to pay zakat.

Five pre-requisites of the wealth prior to the zakat calculation.
4. wealth should be more than the necessity. Muslims are deemed to zakat calculation when the wealth is over the limit of the necessity. Muslims who are in need are not required to pay zakat 5. wealth must be in the possession of the zakat payer in the specific year period. It means that the wealth must be kept for one-year duration (haul). However, this condition is limited to a certain type of wealth like gold

Zakat Calculations Islamic Profit Rate

Zakat Calculations

Zakat Adminsitration In recent years, zakat administration have undergone various phases of improvements among them are systematic zakat management, more efficient zakat distribution with regards to infrastructure, human capital, governance and transparency. The ultimate objective of refinement in zakat administration that has taken place is none other than to alleviate poverty and upgrade Muslims standard of living

Zakat Adminsitration In Malaysia, all aspects pertaining to the administration of zakat are under the jurisdiction of the states through the State Islamic Religious Counters (SIRCs). There are a total of fourteen SIRCs, one for each of the thirteen states and one for the federal territory.

Strategies and Directions
To improvise the method of collecting zakat. This can be done by increasing the awareness and briefings in public and private sectors to encourage those in the must pay zakat and prospective zakat payers to fulfill their religious obligations as ordained in shariah. Examples: Must upgrade efficiency by utilising modern technology or computer related devices.

2. Zakat Administration Zakat administrators must play an active role to enhance the recipients standard of living by modifying the approach of the financial assistance by providing education assistance to the recipients children as well as providing the recipients with technical skills and knowledge. This is important so that the recipients are able to move out from the recipients category to the payer of zakat group. It is an aspiration and important role to be played by the zakat administrators to impart right skills to ensure the deprived section of the community to be are provided the means to be financially self sufficient.

This is important so that the recipients are able to move out from the recipients category to the payer of zakat group. It is an aspiration and important role to be played by the zakat administrators to impart skills to ensure the deprived section of the community to be financially self sufficient.

Zakat adminstrators to propagate the idea of mentor-mentee system where by successful local entrepreneurs can become mentors to the groups’ projects. The established entrepreneurs can contribute in terms of information on sources for supplies of machines and equipment, raw materials, provide attachment training, links with other businesses and other forms of crucial information for the success of the mentee. For the zakat payers and those disburse zakat they must understand that they are not doing any favour by giving the zakat. It is the right of the asnaf to receive the zakat.

Zakat payers are the significant agent in ensuring the successfulness of zakat system implementation. The zakat payers need to be convinced that they will continue to pay their zakat obligation through zakat institution or zakat administrators, not directly to asnaf. Therefore it is crucial on the zakat institution to convince the zakat payers on to what extend they have distributed zakat effectively and efficiently. That is fundamental question that needs to be settled down by zakat institution. They need to understand the desire of zakat payers so that their dissatisfaction towards zakat management can be minimized. Zakat institution also needs to think of improving and enhancing their role especially in terms of zakat distribution

3. Data and information Among the pertinent issues in zakat administration is the data and full information of the zakat recipients. It is encouraged for zakat administrators to play an active role in up keeping information of the zakat recipients ( Asnaf profiling) in the respective areas. These information is crucial to ensure much care and cautioned is exercised in the distribution of the zakat fund by the zakat administrators.

This information must be kept updated to ensure new information of the zakat recipients namely information whether zakat recipients in the area have increased or reduced. Information on the number of former zakat recipients have become zakat payers and who are the new zakat recipients. For zakat payers, their main concern is whether their zakat money has been distributed efficiently and effectively. Zakat payer desperately wants data and information on who are the recipients of the zakat and how at the end of the day the collected zakat fund is distributed among the eight Asnaf.

4. Poverty Tracking Squad. Some of the zakat administrator has embarked on this project to track the right and correct recipients of zakat. Government agencies and zakat administrators must work hand in hand to remove the hardship of the poor and destitute among the Muslims. Zakat Institutions example in Malaysia to coordinate with the government ministries for a long term development programme to alleviate poverty and socio economic development among the Muslims. Working in silos will not bring forth must positive desirable results. It is a high time for all to work together in achieving Maqasid al Shariah for the benefits of Mankind. I

5. Stakeholders Educating stakeholders in halal business is an imperative tasks that must be taken in full responsibility by the Zakat Administrators. All halal Business owners must be educated and make aware of the zakat payment before paying tax. More need to be done in educating business owners to pay zakat. Zakat institutions could change the way financial assistance is given including in the form of financing children’s education or sending then to training centres to gain certain skills and knowledge thus getting employment to elaviate asnaf from poverty.

6. Zakat administrators to play an active role in the creation of micro-enterprises which is funded by zakat funds. For Micro entrepreneur, the zakat fund can be used as the initial capital to start their small business. It is an aspiration by having more micro entrepreneurs among the poor community, poverty to be alleviated in stages. Although eradicating poverty is an inspiration of all people, it is not an easy task. Helping the Asnafs by directly giving them a sum of money to buy necessities is indeed only a short term solution.

7. Human resources is one of the biggest challenge for a zakat institution. Those who wish to be employed must be an amil as outlined by the ulama’, namely, a muslim, which capable of performing the job, understands the work and having a sense of honesty in their work. Therefore, Human Resource Management must also ensure that each post is in accordance with the qualification. This is to ensure that the work as amil can be carried out accurately and precisely.

8. Research and development More research to be undertaken with regards to who are the actual payers of zakat and what motivates them to abide to the obligation. Which professional sectors much contribute to the zakat payment i.e lawyers, businessman, doctors, bankers, teachers, government servants or religious officers and others. Some of the reasons why some eligible Muslims not paying zakat? is it because of no fear to Allah’s commandments. lack of Islamic knowledge and education on zakat obligation Deeply rooted love to Maal (wealth) Simply a procrastination to pay zakat Do NOT care attitude Others It is equally important more research to undertaken in improving the distribution aspects of zakat for an example how much is sufficient for the poor and needy to start and survive in their income-generating activities, need to have more strategic partners tying up with zakat authorities e.g. masjids, universities and banks.

Conclusion It is equally important more research to undertaken in improving the distribution aspects of zakat for an example how much is sufficient for the poor and needy to start and survive in their income-generating activities. The need to have more strategic partners in tying up with zakat authorities e.g. masjids, universities, government agencies and banks.

Second Presentation

Success Stories EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT ZAKAT INSTITUTION: AN EXPERIENCE IN THE FEDERAL TERRITORIES OF MALAYSIA Credit to Hj. Mohd Rais Hj. Alias Chief Executive Officer Zakat Collection Centre Federal Territories Religious Council

Success Stories : Malaysian Experience
Though zakat institutions in Malaysia particularly has been established for the past 70 years, zakat management has yet to present its actual true potential until early 90's when steps were taken to improve and modernize zakat management. There are several reasons that contribute to this situation. Among them: All this while, Islamic Religious Councils has been concentrating on zakat fitr and zakat on agriculture (paddy). Thus, serious consideration on the true potential of zakat of property is not given proper emphasis. The notable cause for this is because the economy of Muslim community has yet to reach the level that could enable them to pay zakat. However, today, majority of Muslim community in Malaysia is qualified to pay various types of zakat.

The lack of efforts to give wide spread focus and detailed information on the concept of zakat on property to the community as zakat officers or 'amils' do not have clear understanding of the concept of zakat themselves. As a result, there are Muslims who know their zakat obligation on paying zakat but do not know how to pay or make calculation on the amount of zakat that should be paid. There was also the perception of the public on the effectiveness level of zakat management office especially the distribution aspect in truly helping the poor and needy.

In the early days the understanding of zakat among Muslims is considered low and can be divided into two main categories: i) Those who are totally unaware / ignorant of their obligation and do not make any effort to know about their duties on zakat, this category of people would only pay when legal action is taken against them; ii) Those who know about their obligation but reluctant to pay zakat until they are informed and clarified.

Zakat institution in Malaysia previously was left behind in terms of its management and implementation. Collection and distribution system implemented by the authority concerned was still at the backward state that caused its true potential to be hidden for a long time. This is a big loss as the collection/return could have been invested in socio-economic development of Muslim community in Malaysia.

MODERNZATION IN MANAGEMENT OF ZAKAT IN MALAYSIA
PPZ or Zakat Collection Centre is the zakat office of Federal Territories Islamic Religious Council which started operation on 1st January 1991. PPZ has been receiving payments from Muslims and corporations throughout the country because it is the most systematic and the pioneer of using corporate methods and style of management of zakat collection. All costs of collecting zakat were borne by the company and the Council pays the company management fees monthly as an amil. Zakat collection and the administration of PPZ was computerized which is believed to be the first in the world. On-line zakat counters were specifically opened to serve the zakat payers.

All the zakat money collected is banked-in daily into the Islamic Religious Council’s account. Zakat Collection Centre has responsibility only for collection. The disbursement is the responsibility of the Islamic Department. Generally, the Baitulmal division of the Council being the specific administrator working under a Baitulmal Committee which is one the Committees under the Islamic Council.

The existence of PPZ in the Federal Territories marks a new era in zakat institution as this is the first time a computerized zakat management system is implemented. PPZ operates by giving clear explanation on zakat and its assessment. New payment counters were introduce for zakat payers. PPZ collects all types of zakat - zakat on income, zakat on businesses, zakat on savings, zakat on shares, zakat on gold and zakat on self (fitrah). For zakat on crops and livestock in the Federal Territories, any business or company doing such activities is deemed to be zakat on business. Apart from the improvement on the counters, payers can also enjoy new services through the multi payment channels such as salary deduction, payment through post/mail, payment at bank counters, payment through phone banking and the internet. Hence, the total zakat collection has continued to increase steadily every year.

CORPORATIZATION OF ZAKAT MANAGEMENT
The increase on the awareness to pay zakat among Muslims in Malaysia today is due to the increasing dakwah efforts and marketing which became more effective. Efforts by the Islamic Religious Council of Federal Territories through zakat Centre could be seen through information campaigns and dakwah carried out regularly to increase zakat collection. When corporatization becomes widespread in states throughout Malaysia, some positive changes could be seen in the administration of zakat management.

Among the changes adapted: Enhance capabilities of state's zakat centres to define their actual goals, functions and duties. Corporate work style that is goal-oriented, professional, flexible, less bureaucracy and customer oriented has been adopted.

The new amil concept or corporate amil which incorporated a more aggressive, professional and teamwork outlook has brought positive feedback among zakat payers and has changed the mindset of the people towards the job. A stark contrast to its conventional style where an amil used to conduct his activities only in a mosque. More committed efforts to develop systems which could enable work to be conducted excellently through better Work System, Internal Auditing System, Finance System, Zakat Collection System, Report System and etc. Comfortable and attractive office environment with various facilities provided.

Convenient for payers to perform their zakat payment through multiple channels. The establishment of comfortable service counters has helped to increase the presence of zakat payers. User-friendly and corporate looking staff who are ever willing to assist zakat payers has also boosted the image of the center. Improvement to help the government and community to realize the potential of zakat institution l to play an important role in managing the community and country. if the collection level reaches the size that could give an impact enable more distribution program to be introduced by the Islamic Religious Council for the sake of those who deserve to get assistance from zakat fund.

Employment of graduates from various academic backgrounds/fields such as Accountancy, Finance, Business Administration, ICT, Company Administration & Secretarial, Communication, Public Relations and Islamic Studies. They are recruited to work as a team in contrast to the old concept of 'amil'. Continuous effort to ensure the highest standard of services to its customers by systematically organized and plan training for its staff. These training and workshops, either held by internal trainers or outsiders, concentrate on staff development in management, operational and administration aspects.

Corporatization efforts have proven successful with the encouraging increase of zakat collection through the years. The achievement is shown below: No YEAR Zakat Collection (RM) by Zakat Collection Centre, Federal Territory 1 2010 282,676,073 2 2011 348,882,925 3 2012 410,411,327 4 2013 492,402,029 5 2014 538,580,526 6 2015 565,830,627 Source: Zakat Report 2006 – USD = RM4.135

Marketing objectives of PPZ
lncrease of zakat collection. lncrease in number of zakat payers. Improvement in the professional management practice based on current technology. Maximise customer satisfaction through services rendered. adopting two corporate strategies such as "Customer Comes First" or "Customer is Number One" and "Pro Active Marketing“ Create a working environment based on Islamic values. The success story in increasing its collection is a reflection of achievement and its capabilities.

Factors contributing to collection success
Corporatisation The establishment of PPZ-MAIWP in the beginning of 1991 by the Islamic Religious Council was felt to be the vital turning point for zakat administration in the Federal Territories and in Malaysia. Since inception, the corporate culture such as professionalism among its staff has contributed to tremendous improvement and development to the organisation.

The new amil concept or corporate amil which incorporates a more aggressive, professional and teamwork outlook has brought positive feedback among zakat payers and has changed the mindset of the people towards the job. It is also a stark contrast to its conventional style where an amil used to conduct his activities in a mosque. Computerisation System The use of computerisation system in all activities such as the collection of data, counter zakat payment, report activities and dissemination of information among the staff has contributed to the efficiency, effectiveness and added competency in the planning and orchestrating of its various operations and administration. Establishment of Service Counters The establishment of comfortable service counters has helped to increase the presence of zakat payers. To add, the user-friendly and corporate looking staff who are ever willing to assist zakat payers have also boosted the image of the centre.

Call Centre in light of giving and disseminating information on zakat matters and to answer any question regarding affairs on zakat . This in turn facilitate answering on any enquires be in the form of calculating and getting various information regarding zakat.

Customer-oriented Services Upholding excellent and outstanding customer-oriented services promised to its customers. Phrases such as 'Customer is always right', 'Customer comes first' and 'Customer is no. 1' is the daily work culture practiced by all staff. Hence, this leads to customers’ satisfaction.

Professionalism: Staff are encouraged to observe the culture of professionalism in carrying out their duties. This is vital as an organisation that offers services to the public. Management and Training In its continuous effort to ensure the highest standard of services to its customers, PPZ-MAIWP has systematically organised and planned trainings for its staff. These trainings and workshops, either held by internal trainers or experts, concentrate on staff development in management, operational and administration aspects. Teamwork The aspect of teamwork among the staff has always been identified as one of the crucial success factors. Thus, continuous discussion and dialogue sessions are held to provide ample platform for staff to voice out their opinions and perceptions on various work related matters, hence, ensuring the best decision is made at the end of the day.

Work as Ibadah Staff are also constantly reminded to realise that their work is an act of ibadah. Hence, they should observe positive Islamic work attitudes and strive to be a good Muslim worker at all times. Employees Incentives: Offers various incentives and benefits to its employees. The effort has led to a productive and creative team as well as solved the problem of losing staff to other companies. Look into the needs of its staff so that both parties are in a 'win-win' situation.

Exclusive advantage given by the government of Malaysia is the rebate on individual tax from zakat payment. Act A (3) of The Income Tax Act states that an individual who has paid zakat via the State Islamic Religious Council will be given a rebate on his / her individual tax provided that a receipt of the zakat payment is produced. Hence, this advantage has helped to ease the burden of a zakat payer.

Group zakat collection is a method whereby PPZ-MAIWP will open counters via invitation from offices either from the public or private sectors. This effort is introduced with the objective of helping those who are unable to go to service counters due to the constraints of time and occupation. Salary Deduction Campaign This scheme is seen as an effort by PPZ-MAIWP to help ease the burden of the zakat payers so that it would match the payers’ financial capabilities. Appointments All year round, attention is given to individuals and groups that require further clarification regarding the practice of zakat.

Sermon (Khutbah) The opportunity offered by the Religious Council of Federal Territories which allows PPZ-MAIWP to inform and educate the Muslim communities in the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan The chance to give lectures during Friday prayers in the month of Ramadan and December is used fully by PPZ-MAIWP to disseminate information on zakat.

Zakat seminars on various issues such as zakat for business, co-operative societies and paymasters are continuously held to fulfill different needs such as financial management, human resource management and businessman to raise awareness on the responsibility towards zakat

zakat fund distributions have increase from year to year
zakat fund distributions have increase from year to year. Projects and assistance aid has been enhanced due to the increase in the zakat collection annually. Number YEAR Zakat Distribution (RM), Zakat Collection Centre, Federal Territory 1 2006 101,548,407 2 2007 121,224,318 3 2008 167,507,847 4 2009 174,986,013 5 2010 200,541,409 6 2011 217,246,481 7 2012 271,967,597 8 2013 328,394,455 9 2014 419,225,908 10 2015 612,747,408

Institutions established to help Asnaf
Baitulmal Vocational Institute. Established as a platform to reduce poverty among muslim family by providing skill / vocational training to the family members. Training on development of skills given to the children of the poor from all over the country like sewing, creative drawing, cooking, food catering, electrical wiring, batik printing and building & construction courses. It also provide free training courses, monthly allowance and accommodation to trainees. Baitulmal Profesional Institute. Private institute of Higher Learning which offers Diploma and Certified courses like Charted Secretaries and Administrators, accounting, computer, business administration and etc. Islamic Medical Centre. The first medical centre in the country that provides medical services not only catering for the Muslim but open to all.

Institutions established to help asnaf
Darul Kifayah. Orphanage house for children who come from a very poor family. Occupants in this centre are provided with daily expenses and their education cost are fully born by the Religious Council of the Federal Territories. Darul As Sa'adah. Centre for problematic Muslim individuals who has no where to stay and no one to rely on. It is also a rehabilitation centre for immoral Muslim girls. Occupants will be given guidance of Islamic Principles. Islamic Kindergartens. Offer pre-school education to children age 5- 6 years old as preparation for primary education.

Have you fulfilled your zakat obligation?
Shukran Jazilan and Thank You

MODERN ISLAMIC LAW & ECONOMICS Landscape of eco-zakat: Strategies and Directions Mohamed Firdaus Kader Mohideen, Head Group Shariah, Malaysian Industrial.

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MODERN ISLAMIC LAW & ECONOMICS Landscape of eco-zakat: Strategies and Directions Mohamed Firdaus Kader Mohideen, Head Group Shariah, Malaysian Industrial.

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Presentation on theme: "MODERN ISLAMIC LAW & ECONOMICS Landscape of eco-zakat: Strategies and Directions Mohamed Firdaus Kader Mohideen, Head Group Shariah, Malaysian Industrial."— Presentation transcript:

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