4. MINORITIES DEFINITION “A section or group of people which are less than fifty percent of total population in a particular region with less social, political, economic and cultural impact in society and are dominated by majority”.

5. TYPES OF MINORITIES BY INTERNATIONAL LAW Ethnic and racial minorities Linguistic minorities Religious minorities Cultural minorities Gender based minorities

6. MINORITY RIGHTS IN CONSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN  Following article is based on minority rights protection. Article-36 Protection of minorities Article-20 Freedom to profess religion and to manage religious institution.  Following article is based on minority rights protection. Article-36 Protection of minorities Article-20 Freedom to profess religion and to manage religious institution.

7. CONTINUE Article-21 Safeguard against taxation for purposes of any particular religion Article-22 Safeguards as to educational institutions in respect of religion, etc. Article-25 Equality of citizen. Article-21 Safeguard against taxation for purposes of any particular religion Article-22 Safeguards as to educational institutions in respect of religion, etc. Article-25 Equality of citizen.

8. RELEVANT LAWS Pakistan has signed many conventions for protection of minorities: Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Pakistan has signed many conventions for protection of minorities: Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

9. NGOS FOR PROTECTION OF MINORITY RIGHTS IN PAKISTAN There are many local and international NGOs working for minorities in Pakistan: Catholic Social Services Pakistan Christian Child Development-CCD The Hindu American Foundation-Center for Legal Aid Assistance and Settlement Upgrade Minorities for Integrated Development-UMID There are many local and international NGOs working for minorities in Pakistan: Catholic Social Services Pakistan Christian Child Development-CCD The Hindu American Foundation-Center for Legal Aid Assistance and Settlement Upgrade Minorities for Integrated Development-UMID

10. I WORLDREPORT ABOUT MINORITIES SITUATION IN PAKISTAN Some of them are here: Human Rights Watch According to the report Pakistan is a worse place for minorities and Government has failed to stop the killing of religious minorities. It showed that about 750 people belonging to sect based minority are killed in Karachi. Most of minor groups are facing the problem of forced religious conversion. Some of them are here: Human Rights Watch According to the report Pakistan is a worse place for minorities and Government has failed to stop the killing of religious minorities. It showed that about 750 people belonging to sect based minority are killed in Karachi. Most of minor groups are facing the problem of forced religious conversion.

11. CONTINUE European Organization for Pakistani Minorities According to this report the confrontations related to minority attacks in Pakistan increasing at a faster rate in the country. The US State Department’s International Religious freedom According to the report 5% of religious minorities facing treats in various forms such as attacks on houses, worship places, religious leaders and it resulted in a huge number of deaths European Organization for Pakistani Minorities According to this report the confrontations related to minority attacks in Pakistan increasing at a faster rate in the country. The US State Department’s International Religious freedom According to the report 5% of religious minorities facing treats in various forms such as attacks on houses, worship places, religious leaders and it resulted in a huge number of deaths

12. EXTREMISM AND MINORITIES RIGHTS Karachi: A Shia boy killed in sectarian attack, 24 July, 2014. Gujranwala: Muslim bangs up his Christian servant, confines his brother's wife & minor children, 16 July, 2014. Nawabshah: An Ahmadi man killed in Nawabshah, 14 July, 2014 Islamabad: 14,000 Christians of Pakistan left Pakistan in 2013 due to harassment, 12 July, 2014. Karachi: An Ahmadi family threatened by religious extremists to convert their religion in Pakistan, 11 June, 201 Karachi: A Shia boy killed in sectarian attack, 24 July, 2014. Gujranwala: Muslim bangs up his Christian servant, confines his brother's wife & minor children, 16 July, 2014. Nawabshah: An Ahmadi man killed in Nawabshah, 14 July, 2014 Islamabad: 14,000 Christians of Pakistan left Pakistan in 2013 due to harassment, 12 July, 2014. Karachi: An Ahmadi family threatened by religious extremists to convert their religion in Pakistan, 11 June, 201

14. EXISTING STATE OF MINORITIES IN PAKISTAN Educational Discrimination  Forced to study the religious teachings of Majority.  A research of (NCJP) in 2012-2013 showed that about 55 chapters in 22 course books of Punjab and Sindh contain such material that is discriminatory against minorities. Educational Discrimination  Forced to study the religious teachings of Majority.  A research of (NCJP) in 2012-2013 showed that about 55 chapters in 22 course books of Punjab and Sindh contain such material that is discriminatory against minorities.

15. JOB BASED DISCRIMINATION Less availability of jobs Appointed only for sanitation Example In job advertisement of Mandi Bahauddin DHQ Hospital,Punjab Institute of Cardiology it was mentioned that: “For Sanitary work only Non-Muslims minorities are applicable.” Less availability of jobs Appointed only for sanitation Example In job advertisement of Mandi Bahauddin DHQ Hospital,Punjab Institute of Cardiology it was mentioned that: “For Sanitary work only Non-Muslims minorities are applicable.”

16. JOB BASED DISCRIMINATION City Total Seats of Sanitation Minority Peshawar 935 824 Lahore 7894 6000 Quetta 978 768 Islamabad 1500

17. FORECED RELIGIOUSCONVERSIONS  According to World report : 260 cases of forced religion conversion in 2014. Every year about 1000 girls belonging to Hinduism and Christianity are forcibly converted to Islam.  According to World report : 260 cases of forced religion conversion in 2014. Every year about 1000 girls belonging to Hinduism and Christianity are forcibly converted to Islam.

18. PROBLEMS Major Problems of Minority community of Pakistan include: Economic Instability Education Health Discrimination in job Opportunities Major Problems of Minority community of Pakistan include: Economic Instability Education Health Discrimination in job Opportunities

19. PROBLEMS Forced Labor Forced conversions of religion Attacks on religious Places Deprived of fair election rights Forced Labor Forced conversions of religion Attacks on religious Places Deprived of fair election rights

20. SUGGESTIONS Government should take steps for provision of basic education to every child without discrimination on the bases of religion, caste, or ethnicity. Massive scholarship opportunities should be provided for Minorities. There should be equality in job opportunities for all citizens without any specification. Government should take steps for provision of basic education to every child without discrimination on the bases of religion, caste, or ethnicity. Massive scholarship opportunities should be provided for Minorities. There should be equality in job opportunities for all citizens without any specification.

21. SUGGESTIONS Government should establish special institutions for the welfare and prosperity of minorities. Government should take step to educate common public to make an end to discrimination against minorities. Government is responsible for provision of proper food, shelter, basic health facilities and necessary medical care to the minorities. Government should establish special institutions for the welfare and prosperity of minorities. Government should take step to educate common public to make an end to discrimination against minorities. Government is responsible for provision of proper food, shelter, basic health facilities and necessary medical care to the minorities.

22. SUGGESTIONS Budget allocated for Protection of Minority rights should be raised and illegal taxations should be prohibited. Special educational institutions should be there in country for Minorities. Forced conversion of religion should be strictly prohibited. Budget allocated for Protection of Minority rights should be raised and illegal taxations should be prohibited. Special educational institutions should be there in country for Minorities. Forced conversion of religion should be strictly prohibited.

23. CONCLUSION Pakistan is a state that was created for minority rights protection of sub-Continent. Even the flag of the state is representing minorities but now the same state is considered as a worse place for minorities to live within it. The minority section is considered just as sweepers. Pakistan is a state that was created for minority rights protection of sub-Continent. Even the flag of the state is representing minorities but now the same state is considered as a worse place for minorities to live within it. The minority section is considered just as sweepers.

24. CONCLUSION Every year in the name of religion thousands of people are killed and their religious places are damaged. Our constitution guarantees full fledge protection and safeguard to minorities but people consider it just a written statement. So we need to improve the situation. Every year in the name of religion thousands of people are killed and their religious places are damaged. Our constitution guarantees full fledge protection and safeguard to minorities but people consider it just a written statement. So we need to improve the situation.