2. Do Now 1.Read pages 547-551 2.Create a flow chart (see example on page 547 3.Homework (next slide)

3. Tuesday 10/11/16 Goal: to discuss the impact of the Transcontinental Railroad on the development of the west. Warm up: What do you think of when you hear the term “Transcontinental Railroad?” Please write at least 2 lines. Discussion Film—partners discuss the impact the RxRs had on Asian immigrants and the west.

4. Thursday 10/13/16 Goal: to further explore the impact of the Transcontinental Railroad. Warm-up: Create a list of at least five ways you think a Transcontinental Railroad was able to help the United States grow.

5. Friday 10/18/13 Goal: discuss why the U.S. needed a transcontinental railroad; and how it was built. Warm up: what it the most adventurous thing you have ever done?

6. Friday10/14/16 Goal: To examine the overall impact the Transcontinental railroad had on the United States. Warm up: What do you think America would be like without railroads? Explain Please write at least 3 lines. Homework: Go over rubric for Railroad paper with parents. Rough draft will be due next Wed.

7. Why build a Transcontinental RxR?

9. Map questions In 1860 did the U.S. encompass land from the Atlantic to the Pacific? How many states existed? Why did people cross the continent to settle in California and Oregon in great enough numbers for them to become states, but bypass settling on the Great Plains? How could the government entice people to settle the Great Plains and mountain states?

10. Homework Essay Question: Why did the United States government decide to support (idea and financially) the building of the Transcontinental Railroad. Describe how the Transcontinental Railroad was built. And explain why the railroad was so important in opening up the west. And the economic impact the RxR had/has on the development of the United States. Three paragraphs Step 1: Planning your answer Step 2: Writing your answer Due:

11. Write a song or poem based on the notes and reading. Think along the lines of “I’ve been working on the railroad.” However you must create an original. Must have at least 10 lines. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilvwJRE mJm0

12. The Transcontinental Railroad Railroads had already transformed life in the East, but at the end of the Civil War railroad tracks still stopped at the Missouri River. For a quarter of a century, men had dreamed of building a line from coast to coast. Now they would attempt to lay 1,775 miles of track from Omaha to Sacramento. Slide #1

13. The Transcontinental Railroad Slide #2 It was 1,775 miles from Omaha, NE to Sacramento, CA.

14. The Transcontinental Railroad A path would have to be cut through mountains higher than any railroad-builder had ever faced; span deserts where there was no water anywhere; and cross treeless prairies where anxious and defiant Indians would resist their passage. Slide #3

15. The Transcontinental Railroad In 1862, Congress gave charters to two companies to build these tracks. The Central Pacific was to push eastward from Sacramento, over the Sierra Nevada mountains. The Union Pacific was to start from Omaha Nebraska, cross the great plains and cut through the Rockies.1862 Slide #4

16. The Transcontinental Railroad The Union Pacific and Central Pacific were soon locked in a race to see who could lay the most track -- and therefore get the most land and money. Somewhere in the West -- no one knew exactly where -- the two lines were supposed to meet. Slide #5

17. The Transcontinental Railroad Theodore Judah discovered a route for the railroad through the Sierra mountains. He and Doc Strong formed the Central Pacific Railroad. They located four Sacramento investors who each purchased $15,000 of stock in the newly born Central Pacific Railroad. These men became known as the “Big Four.” Slide #6

18. The Transcontinental Railroad The “Big Four” were Collis P. Huntington, Mark Hopkins, Leland Stanford and Charles Crocker. Slide #7

19. The Transcontinental Railroad Collis P. Huntington moved to California during the gold rush. The Sacramento hardware store he and Mark Hopkins owned made money selling goods to miners at inflated prices. Slide #8

20. The Transcontinental Railroad Leland Stanford also made a fortune selling supplies to California gold miners. In 1861, he became governor of California and later became president of the Central Pacific Railroad. Slide #9

21. The Transcontinental Railroad Charles Crocker also went to California in search of gold. Like the other “Big Four”, he too struck it rich after opening a store in Sacramento. Slide #10

22. The Transcontinental Railroad. Stanford Huntington Hopkins Crocker Slide #11 The Central Pacific Railroad made these four investors some of the wealthiest men in America.

23. The Transcontinental Railroad Who were “The Big Four”? S________ H__________ H_______ C________tanforduntingtonopkinsrocker Slide #12 PT 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOn0RFFOr 1s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOn0RFFOr 1s PT 1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3OM_UnnCNMPT 1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3OM_UnnCNMP

24. The Transcontinental Railroad In 1862, Congress loaned the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads $16,000 per mile of level track and $48,000 per mile of mountain track. Congress also promised each company 6,400 acres of federal land for every mile of track it laid. Slide #13 PT3https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=Q5WxDvs3cB8

25. The Transcontinental Railroad In 1865, Crocker, in charge of construction, found a solution to their work force problem. Besides hiring Irish immigrants who worked for low pay, the Central Pacific Railroad employed over 10,000 Chinese immigrants. Slide #14

26. The Transcontinental Railroad In 1866, the CPR had 44 blizzards while trying to tunnel through the Sierras. In 1869, the CPR laid 360 miles of track. On April 28, 1869, the CPR crew set a record of laying 10 miles in twelve hours. Slide #15

27. Why did America need Railroads? Communication from East to West was not very good. Travelling time from East to West took 6 months + It would help fulfil ‘Manifest Destiny’ The U.S. needed to keep up with other countries Trade links with China and Japan Help to bring law and order to the West Pt/ 4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RK2Zxpm8Dk4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RK2Zxpm8Dk4

28. The Transcontinental Railroad Locate Promontory Point on the map below. Slide #17 PT5https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzbCk MjdZKE

29. The Transcontinental Railroad Finally, on May 10, 1869, The CPR and UPR met at Promontory Summit, Utah. The presidents of both railroads, Stanford and Durant, swung at the last gold spike. Slide #16

30. Effect of the Railroads: Quick and easy travel to the West Previous methods Wagon Train Foot By boat Pony Express The railroad turned a 6 month journey into a maximum of 8 days

31. Effect of the Railroads: Cheap land for people wanting to go West Once the Railroads were built the Railroad companies had no use for the excess land Sold land off cheap Benefitted Homesteaders and Ranchers who came west.

32. Effect of the Railroads: Destruction of the Indians Hunters used the Railroad to go west to hunt the buffalo Hunters were only interested in buffalo skin 1875 southern buffalo herds wiped out 1885 northern buffalo herds wiped out Indians depended on the buffalo, but now they were gone! 

33. Effect of the Railroads: Helps develop the Cattle Industry Cattle were transported by the railroads making it easier to move them from Texas to the East Cow Towns grew up around these railroad stops

34. The Impact of the Railroads Before the railroads, each town kept its own time, based on the position of the sun. Railroad companies, however, needed more exact time tables. They devised a system with four time zones – eastern, central, mountain and pacific time. Every place within the same time zone observed the same time. Slide #18

35. The Impact of the Railroads In 1864, George Pullman designed a railroad sleeping car. Slide #19

36. The Impact of the Railroads In 1869, George Westinghouse helped make railway travel safer and faster with the invention of a new air brake. On early trains, each railroad car had its own brakes and brake operator. If different cars stopped at different times, accidents resulted. The new air brake allowed an engineer to stop all the cars at once. Slide #20

37. The Impact of the Railroads Railroad lines also added dining cars where porters, conductors and waiters attended the needs of passengers. Slide #21

38. The Impact of the Railroads The railroads spurred economic growth. Steel- workers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. Lumberjacks supplied wood for railroad ties. Miners dug coal to fuel the engines. The railroads opened every corner of the country to settlement and growth. FILM Slide #22 Part 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RK2Zxpm8Dk4&f eature=relatedPart 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RK2Zxpm8Dk4&f eature=relatedPt. Part 5http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzbCkMjdZ KE&feature=related

40. Reading activity Independently read pages 96-98. Work with a partner and in your notebooks please create a graphic organizer similar to the one on page 96 in your textbook.

41. Credits Information gleaned from the following websites: http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/five/grandanvil.htm http://www.linecamp.com/museums/americanwest/western_clubs/central_pacific_railroad/central_pacific _railroad.html http://search.biography.com/cgi- bin/frameit.cgi?p=http%3A//search.biography.com/print_record.pl%3Fid%3D16083 http://www.linecamp.com/museums/americanwest/western_names/huntington_collis/huntington_collis.ht ml http://search.biography.com/cgi- bin/frameit.cgi?p=http%3A//search.biography.com/print_record.pl%3Fid%3D13931 http://www.linecamp.com/museums/americanwest/western_names/crocker_charles/crocker_charles.html http://search.biography.com/cgi- bin/frameit.cgi?p=http%3A//search.biography.com/print_record.pl%3Fid%3D19689 http://www.linecamp.com/museums/americanwest/western_names/stanford_leland/stanford_leland.html http://www.linecamp.com/museums/americanwest/western_names/hopkins_mark/hopkins_mark.html

42. Do you think the TCR should be considered one of the seven wonders of the world? Why? Why not? Reminder: Railroad essay due tomorrow. Double spaced and typed!! DO NOT FORGET IT 

43. Friday 10/30/15 Goal: To begin learning the process of peer editing using the Penn Literacy model. Warm up: Please write three lines about what was the most difficult part of writing your Transcontinental Essay. Schedule: 1.Teachers model peer editing. 2.Students begin the process of peer editing. Remember this is a learning process. 3.Student feedback. Reminder: Continue to work on Dime Store novels.