1. Chapter 2, Section 2 (2.2) The Quran and Islamic Empire

2. What are the basic beliefs of Muslims according to the Qu’ran? The Qu’ran is the holy book of the religion of Islam Muhammad’s followers wrote down the messages he received from Allah the Islamic god. They believe the Qu’ran is god’s written word

3. What are the basic beliefs of Muslims according to the Qu’ran? Islam has only one god, Allah It instructs people how to live Muslims should: -be honest -treat others fairly -honor their parents -give to the poor -fulfill the Five Pillars of Faith

4. What are the basic beliefs of Muslims according to the Qu’ran? Five Pillars of Faith 1. Belief- shahada: Muslims proclaim that Allah is the one true god. 2. Prayer- salat: Muslims pray 5 times a day 3. Charity- zakat: Muslims give to the poor each year 4. Fasting- sawm: Muslims do not eat or drink between sunrise and sunset during the month of the Ramadan holiday 5. Pilgrimage- hajj: Muslims must visit Mecca (Makkah) at least once in their lifetime. This will help them get into heaven.

6. What is daily life like for Muslims? Muslims cannot: murder, lie, steal, drink alcohol, eat pork, or gamble. Any meat that a Muslim eats has to be specially blessed. This is called halal. Muslim women cover their hair with a hijab out of modesty. Men are also expected to dress conservatively. The family is the most important thing to a Muslim.

7. How did Muslim rule expand throughout the Middle East? When Muhammad died a new leader was chosen. This person is called a caliph: leader of the Islamic Empire The first 4 caliphs after Muhammad were related to him The Umayyad caliphs came after the first four. The Umayyad caliphs helped to make the empire larger. Their capital city was Damascus, Syria

9. How did Muslim rule expand throughout the Middle East? The Abbasids came after the Umayyads They built a new capital in Baghdad They were focused on the arts, trade and education. Muslims argued about who should be a caliph Two groups emerged -Shiites: believe caliphs should be related to Muhammad -Sunnis: believe anyone could be caliph

11. How did Muslim rule expand throughout the Middle East? Muslims thought that fighting in the name of Islam would send them to paradise (heaven) The language of Arabic spread all over the empire Sufis spent their time teaching others about Islam Merchants spread Islam to the places they traveled, such as Indonesia and Africa Muslims also spread to Spain. Islam’s great philosophers came from there

13. What were the trade routes between Europe, The Middle East, and Asia? Muslims were leading merchants in the Middle East and North Africa Caravans traveled from Baghdad to China Ships went to India, Southeast Asia, and Africa Cairo, Baghdad and Damascus were all on major trade routes