1. Coral Reefs part 2 for website

2. Sand islands form (sand cays)

3. Spur and groove (buttresses) coral with sand channels - form in windward side.

5. Great Barrier Reef/ Belize

6. 3. Atolls: Ring of reef (or cays) surrounding lagoon

7. Can be far from land and 1,000 meters deep Darwin solved the puzzle on how it formed fringing reef growth on a subsiding island (volcano).

17. Ecology of Reefs: Richest marine ecosystem but surrounding oceans are poor in nutrients ---- little primary production.

18. Nutrients are recycled on the reef which makes it very efficient. Algae is everywhere which gives reefs the highest primary productivity of any marine community.

19. Most “plants” are cryptic (hidden/ inconspicuous) A.Zooxanthellae B.Phytoplankton C.Filamentous algae in limestone

20. D. Hidden microalgae / sea grass in crevices E. Turf algae

21. F. Cyanobacteria (blue green algae)

22. G. Coralline algae

23. Most important primary producers are zooxanthellae and turf algae Mutualistic symbiotic associations with zooxanthellae

25. Other nutrients cycling: Sponges, clams and other invertebrates have symbiotic algae and recycle nutrients

26. Outside of body = fish grazing Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria