1. Oil and Gas Production 1 PRO 250 PowerPoint presentation created by Dr. Shauna Kocman used in CMC PRO250 with her permission under Creative Commons License 3

2. Overview History and Market Geology Reservoir Fluids Regulation EHS Drilling Completions Production Processing Maintenance and Workovers

3. Oil and Gas Development

5. Cretaceous Interior Seaway Geology

7. http://www.garfield-county.com/oil-gas/documents/energy-advisory-board/EAB-March- 2012-CGS-Peter-Barkmann-Geology-of-Piceance-Basin.pdf Wasatch Formation (Fort Union Formation) Mesaverde Group Mancos Group (Pierre Shale to the east) Niobrara Formation

8. Exploration Geophysical - Seismic

9. Reservoir Fluids

10. Regulation and Mineral Ownership

11. Environmental Health and Safety

12. Drilling the well Once the pad is constructed, the drilling rig is rigged up (set up) and drilling commences. The lower picture is of an offshore production platform.

13. Directional Drilling Multi-well locations Reduced well pad density Reduced road density Dual rig operations 13

14. Drilling rig components

15. Drilling Wells may be drilled, vertically, directionally, or horizontally. Directional Drilling The drilling rig rotates the drillpipe, allowing the bit to rotate at the bottom of the hole so that rock can be cut. The drillpipe flexes with the wellbore angle. The steel is flexible! Drillpipe Bit

16. Casing and Cementing Surface casing is set to: protect fresh water zones, prevent lost circulation, and for well control. Production casing is typically set through the productive zones and may be used as a hydrocarbon conduit to surface. Both strings are cemented to prevent fluid migration and isolate producing intervals.

17. Perforating Open up the hydrocarbon bearing zone. A perforating gun is used to perforate the production casing.

18. Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing is needed to open up more flow conduits to the perforation holes. A proppant, normally sand, remains in the fractures to keep them propped open, increasing permeability. Flowback

19. >99% of a frac mixture consists of sand and water. Frac Fluid Components

20. Water Delivery Systems Temporary, poly water pipelines Delivers water for drilling and completions Eliminates water truck traffic and impacts 20

21. Production Equipment 21

22. Wellhead

23. Tanks 23

24. Processing: Separation, Dehydration, Compression

25. Maintenance and Workovers

26. Who is involved?

27. Lets head outside to get to know the equipment You will be choosing 1 piece of equipment for project 1. Get to know it! Share what you know!