1. Identify key female and male reproductive structures and their functions. Describe the role of hormones in the ovulation and menstrual cycles. Chapter 33.1-33.2: The Reproductive System

2. The Female Reproductive System Function: produce eggs and nurture developing young. Ovaries: produce eggs. Oviduct: passageway from ovaries to uterus. Uterus: muscular organ to house developing baby. Cervix: muscular opening of the uterus. Vagina: birth canal.

3. The Male Reproductive System Function: produce sperm. Testes: produce sperm. Scrotum: sac-like structure containing testes. Epididymis: coiled tube to transport/store sperm. Vas deferens: tube connecting epididymis and urethra.

4. The Male Reproductive System Seminal vessicle, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland: secrete fluid for survival/transport of sperm. Penis: deliver sperm to the vagina.

5. Ovarian cycle: cyclic changes that occur in the ovaries. Menstrual cycle: cyclic changes that occur in the uterus. Hormones regulate and coordinate both cycles. 24-35 days. Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles

6. Pre-ovulation (days 1-13) Menstrual phase: uterine lining shed (menstruation). Proliferation phase: follicle secretes estrogen-uterine lining thickens.

7. Ovulation (day 14) Developing follicle stimulates a rise in estrogen. LH surge stimulates follicle to release egg (ovulation). High estrogen levels cause a surge in LH.

8. Post-ovulation (days 15-28) Secretory phase: Uterine lining continues to thicken.

9. Post-ovulation (days 15-28) Not pregnant: estrogen and progesterone levels fall. Pregnant: Progesterone levels remain elevated.

10. Transparency 33B-5 1. When LH reaches its highest level, what is happening in the ovary? LH reaches its highest level just before ovulation (release of an egg).

11. Transparency 33B-6 2. What hormone changes occur during the luteal phase? What happens to the endometrium during this phase? Progesterone and estrogen levels increase and then decrease, while LH and FSH levels decrease and then increase. The endometrium thickens.

12. Identify key female and male reproductive structures and their functions. Describe the role of hormones in the ovulation and menstrual cycles. Chapter 33.1-33.2: The Reproductive System