1. Bell Work Questions 1. Was the Roman Empire peaceful, or dangerous? 2. How do you think they paid for their armies? 3. What language did they speak?

2. What are we doing today? Today we are talking about the following: The Legacy of The Roman Empire The problems in the late Empire We will also be doing a handout about mindset

3. Mindset handout You will have 5 minutes to complete this handout

4. The Legacy of the Roman Empire Chapter 1

5. All Roads Lead To Rome For 500 years from 27 B.C.E. TO 476 c.e. The City of Rome was the capital of the greatest empire the world has ever seen Road markers for thousands of miles showed the distance to Rome More than roads connected the empire’s 50 million people They were connected by Roman Law, Roman Customs, and Roman Military

7. At its height The Roman Empire spanned the whole of the Mediterranean world, from Northern Africa to the Scottish Border, from Spain to Syria During these years, the empire was generally peaceful and prosperous due to these: 1. One language spoken throughout the entire empire 2. Roman soldiers guarded the borders and kept order in the boundaries 3. They where a very proud people

8. The End of the Roman Empire Caesar Augustus ended 100 years of civil war to start the Roman Empire People had no idea that 500 years later it would violently collapse Here are some of the reasons why: 1. Political instability 2. Economic and Social Problems 3. Weakening frontiers

9. Planner Monday- about Political instability, and Economic and Social problems that led to the downfall of Rome Tuesday- Roman Art Wednesday- Roman Architecture and Engineering Thursday- Roman Language and Writing Friday- Roman Philosophy, Law, and Citizenship (getting books from the library)

10. Bell work questions 1. What where the three reasons why Rome fell? 2. Who was the Roman general who officially started the Roman Empire 3. What is the best way to peacefully transfer power from one leader to the next?

11. The Top Three Reasons Why Rome Fell Political instability Economic and Social Problems Weakening frontiers

12. Political Instability They never solved the issue of how to peacefully transfer political power to a new leader When one leader died, the two parties would fight to decide who became emperor They never figured out a good system for transferring power, sometimes, the emperor’s private army would select the next emperor. Seat Partner Question- How would you decide who became emperor?

13. Economic and social problems The Roman Empire faced problems other than political instability These include both economic and social problems These included: Paying the armies by heavily taxing it’s citizens Unemployment

14. What life was like for the city people Unemployment was a serious issue in the Roman Empire Wealthy families used slaves as cheap labor to work their large estates When small farmers could not compete against the wealthy, they fled the countryside to find work in the city

15. Other Social problems Social problems in the empire included: Growing corruption Decline in the spirit of citizenship Emperors wasting large amounts of money Rise in crime made the empire’s cities and roads unsafe

16. Weakening frontiers The huge size of the empire made it hard to defend Communication between leaders in Rome and the Generals sometimes took weeks By 300 c.e., Germanic tribes were beginning to push on the western boarders of the empire The people who moved into these area had very little loyalty to the Empire

17. The Fall of Rome In 300 c.e., the Emperor Constantine moved his capital 850 miles to the east to the ancient city of Byzantium After his reign, the power of the emperor was divided between two emperors One in Rome and one in Constantinople

18. Invading tribes In 410 c.e., one of the Germanic tribes attacked and looted Rome In 476, the last emperor in the west was driven from his throne. The western half of the empire began to dissolve into separate kingdoms ruled by different tribes

19. Bell Work Questions 1. How did the Roman Empire transfer power from one leader to another? 2. Who held most of the power in the Empire? 3. Why were people unhappy with the Empire?

20. The Legacy of Roman Art 1..3

22. Roman Art The Romans adopted many aspects of other cultures and blended them into their own culture. This was true Roman Art They were influenced by the art of the Greeks Rome played a big part in passing on the Greek style of art They added in their own tastes and talents, but mostly, they stole from other cultures

23. Patrons of Art Wealthy families decorated their homes with statues and colorful murals and mosaics.

24. Frescos Roman artists where very skilled at painting Frescos These where scenes that were painted on moist plaster of walls or ceilings with water-based paints.

25. Sense of Style and Luxury The Roman brought a sense of style and luxury into everything they did This includes: Blown glass A bottle of wine shaped like a cluster of grapes Gem Cutting and metalworking Cameo which was a carved decoration that showed a portrait or scene

26. Roman Art today Roman art has continued to influence painters and sculptors. Americans imitate Roman styles to give their art dignity and nobility

27. Bell work 1. How did Rome blend their art and culture into the culture that they had conquered? 2. What are some examples of how Rome added style to their art items? 3. What modern day buildings can you think of that are similar to Roman buildings?

28. The Legacy of Roman Architecture and Engineering 1.4

30. Roman Architecture They borrowed ideas from the Greeks and other peoples They learned how to use the arch, the vault, and the dome to build huge structures Roman baths and other public buildings often had great arched vaults. The Pantheon was a temple that was famous for its dome

31. Roman Architecture Even though they did not create concrete, they were the first to use it for everything This material helped them to build bigger arches than anyone has done before them They also created a new kind of stadium. A large open aired structure that could seat thousands of people. They used concrete to build this massive structure and also to build tunnels inside the colosseum

32. Architecture The Roman styled inspired architects through the centuries including the Medieval architects who used their designs in churches and cathedrals

33. Engineering They also changed the way that people designed other things such as roads, bridges and aqueducts in the ancient world They build over 50,000 miles of roads with layers of stone, sand, and gravel These techniques set the standard for road building for 2,000 years

35. Aqueducts The Romans also set new standards for building aqueducts. They created system for aqueducts for Roman that brought water from 60 miles away to the homes of the city’s wealthiest citizens, as well as to the public baths and fountains They also built aqueducts in other parts of the empire as well

37. The Legacy of Roman Language and Writing

38. Roman Language After the fall of the Roman Empire, Latin continued to be used by scholars and the Roman Catholic Church. Church Scribes wrote in Latin to write down important documents Educated nobles (the rich) learned Latin so they could talk with other nobles in other countries

39. Roman Language Today Other European Languages came from Latin 1. Italian 2. Spanish 3. French Latin Proverbs are still in use today U.S. Penny Roman Numerals

40. The Legacy of Roman Philosophy, Law and Citizenship

41. Philosophy Roman Philosophy was called Stoicism They Believed that a godly intelligence ruled all of nature They believed that you need to live right so that it would agree with nature Having good character was the most important thing in the Roman Empire

42. Question Do you think that you have good character? Write down 5 things that show that you have good character 1. Do you follow school rules? 2. Do you respect your teachers? 3. Do you complete your class work? 4. Are you respectful to your parents? 5. Do you turn in your work?

43. Law and Justice Roman law covered many things: 1. Marriage 2. Inheritances 3. Contracts 4. Many other parts of daily life Romans believed that there was a universal law of justice based on Nature

44. Questions 1. Why do you deserve the most money 2. What would you do with the money? 3. What do you think of Izzy?

45. Law and Justice Every person had rights Judges tried to be fair and make right decisions The courts did not always treat the poor or slaves as equal to the rich Emperors often made laws simply because they had the power to do so.

46. Citizenship To be Roman