2. CHAPTER 6 A NEW INDUSTRIAL AGE 1869-1900

3. What helped the boom in industry and invention?  Large supply of natural resources  Explosion of inventions  Growing city population that wanted the new products.

4. What were these natural resources/inventions?  Oil (gasoline)  Coal and Iron in Minn.  Invention of steel  Generation of electricity (appliances, machines, street cars)  Typewriter  Telephone  Phonographs, bicycles, cameras

5. Unfortunately, many factory employees worked long hours in unhealthy conditions.

6. THE AGE OF RAILROADS

7. TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD  1869, work completed on first TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD.  This railroad crossed the entire continent.

8. Building & Running Railroads:  Very difficult & dangerous work.  Most work done by Chinese & Irish immigrants & desperate out-of-work Civil War Vets.

9. - Travel made easier - Industry grows - New communities are formed What effect did railroads have on America?

10. FARMERS VS. RAILROADS why?

11.  Farmers claimed that railroads sold government land grants to businesses rather than to families.  They also accuse railroad industry of setting high shipping prices to keep farmers in debt.

12. MUNN vs. ILLINOIS  Battle between Farmers & Railroads reached Supreme Court in 1877.  Court declared that government could regulate private industries in order to protect the public interest.  Railroads had lost the fight.

13. INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT 1887  Gave federal government even more power over railroads.  Railroad companies, however, continued to resist all government intervention.

14. BIG BUSINESS & LABOR

15. VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION:  VERTICAL INTEGRATION: companies that are involved in the processing of a product  HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION: buying out or merging w/other companies.

16. What is Social Darwinism? Theory, based on ideas of biologist Charles Darwin. the best suited people to survive & succeed

17. Most entrepreneurs tried to control competition by forming a MONOPOLY or “Trusts”

18. Robber Barons  Someone who made massive amounts of money in the industrial revolution  This was an insulting term  Suggested these business men made money off the back of their workers  Rockefeller, Carnegie, J.P. Morgan

20. Review  Big Business (railroads / robber barons) are not taking care of workers  Workers are not happy with conditions, hours, treatment, etc.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= yCZtNE3g_sQ (Gilded Age) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= yCZtNE3g_sQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= yCZtNE3g_sQ

21. Worker Conditions  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHmq EqJN59o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHmq EqJN59o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHmq EqJN59o  TO 5:50

22. Workers respond by forming LABOR UNIONS:  Long hours, low wages  Women and children working  Tired of ownership making money at their expense https://www.yo utube.com/wat ch?v=g- 95bn8IFyc

23. Development of Labor Unions:  NATIONAL LABOR UNION (NLU)- COLORED NATL’ LABOR UNION (CNLU)  KNIGHTS OF LABOR –.

24. UNION MOVEMENTS DIVERGE…. STRIKES TURN VIOLENT!!!

25. One major type of union was CRAFT UNIONS..  Samuel Gompers- Formed the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1886.  Gompers used strikes & collective bargaining.

26. EUGENE DEBS formed an industrial union…a union for all workers.  American Railway Union (ARU)  Debs & other workers turned to socialism.

27. 1894, Eugene Debs led strike against the Pullman Company The strike turned violent when federal troops were called out to break up the strike.

28. IWW or WOBBLIES  Union formed in 1905 by radicals & socialists

29. In the West, Japanese & Mexican farm workers formed a union to improve conditions

30. Unions used strikes to improve conditions  1877, workers for Baltimore & Ohio railroad went on strike.  Strike broken up when railroad president persuaded President Rutherford B. Hayes to bring in federal troops to end strike.

31. HAYMARKET AFFAIR  1886, bomb exploded at demonstration in Chicago’s Haymarket Square in support of striking workers  Several killed  Labor leaders charged w/inciting a riot. 4 were hanged. 1 Committed suicide in jail.

32. HAYMARKET AFFAIR

33. MARY HARRIS (MOTHER) JONES OOOOrganizer for the United Mine Workers. UUUUnions’ struggle for better conditions was hurt by government intervening on side of management.

34. Despite pressures of government action, unions continued to grow