1. UNIMED BN training seminar
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIMED BN training seminar
“Promoting Innovation and Technology Transfer”
Swissôtel
Istanbul, Turkey
27-28 February 2002
25 February 2002

2. Building National Capacity to foster
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
Building National Capacity to foster
Access to Knowledge and Technology
UNIDO’s Experience

3. Gerardo Patacconi Building National Capacity to foster
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
Building National Capacity to foster
Access to Knowledge and Technology:
UNIDO’s Experience
Gerardo Patacconi
Industrial Development Officer – Quality & Productivity Specialist
Industrial Promotion and Technology Branch
UNIDO - P.O. Box 300 A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Tel Fax

4. Objective of the presentation: Exchange ideas Identify key issues
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
Building National Capacity to foster
Access to Knowledge and Technology:
UNIDO’s Experience
Objective of the presentation:
Exchange ideas
Identify key issues
Stimulate discussions
Examples
………

5. Issues to be addressed and questions
What is/Why innovation (R&D, soft/hard technologies...)?
What is the situation in Mediterranean countries/examples?
What actions should be taken at policy and institutional level and by enterprises?
What tools are needed?
Identification of potential innovative value chains/districts..
Technology need assessment/management?
Benchmarking and (best) practices?
Innovation Financing models?
Access to information….?
How to strengthen partnership –UNIMED (Assessments, demonstrations, twinning, training, coaching, info, ….)
UNIDO’s involvement

6. understanding user needs lack of awareness/perceived advantage
Underdeveloped science and technology infrastructure
Lack of large private industries with their own R&D activities
Insufficient numbers of trained personnel and tested strategies for technological development…..
understanding user needs
lack of awareness/perceived advantage
lack of strategy
adaptation and customisation
implementation support………….

7. TECHNOLOGY IS THE COLLECTION OF ALL INPUTS INTO THE PROCESS OF GENERATION & DELIVERY OF A PRODUCT

8. The CHALLENGE
Technology Infrastructure and skills not always updated nor conforming to international standards/regulations/practices…….
and most of their Enterprises:
are often unable to produce goods with proven, credible and constant quality at a competitive price;
Have problems to meet stringent standards and the challenges of globalization;
Need to become to World Class to compete in foreign and domestic markets;
Should be upgraded in order to enter international production and trade chains.

9. The CHALLENGE To enter and stay in both the traditional and in the e-marketplace, enterprises need:
NETWORKING SMEs/Technology Infrastructure(high-potential/critical mass)
High QUALITY
CONFORMITY to standards and technical regulations
RELIABILITY (production and delivery)
COST-effectiveness
CUSTOMER-focus (knowing markets/customers)……
INNOVATION and CREATIVITY

10. The CHALLENGE TO PRODUCE GOODS AND SERVICES
Right CUSTOMER (s)
Right PRODUCT (s)
Right QUANTITY (ies)
Right QUALITY (ies)
Right TIME
Right PRICE (s)

11. The CHALLENGE
The new economy brings opportunities but also challenges to developing countries.
Without investment, technology and innovation, they run the risk of becoming increasingly marginalized.

12. Emerging Business Environment Emerging Technology Strategy
Technology divide
Rapid advancement
Shortened lifecycle
Market
Globalization
New economy
Competition
Customer demand
Environment &
Quality
Enhanced requirements &
int. standards conformity
Emerging Technology Strategy

13. Emerging Management Strategy More satisfied customersL E P R O F I T
Better quality products & Services
Less costs,waste & rework
Better
H&S technology
Higher
revenue
Lower costs

14. Comparison of One Change of 100% (Reengineering/New Technology) to 100 Changes of 1% (Continuous Improvement)
Improvement 2
Relative Improvement 1
Number of Steps
Reengineering/New Technology
Continuous Improvement

15. MANAGERIAL APPROCH ENGINEERING TRANSOFRMATION BASIC OPERATING
INFRASTRUCTURE
LOGISTICS &
OPTIMISATION
LEVEL
PRODUCT
TECHNOLOGY
ENGINEERING
TRANSOFRMATION
INFORMATION
SUPPORT
PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY
SYSTEMS &
PRACTICES
SKILL &
KNOWLEDGE
BASE

16. Emerging technology Strategy
When
What
How
How to finance it
Who should help
……..
New customer
New Product
New process
Higher capacity
Higher productivity
Higher quality
Market/regulatory pressure..

17. Emerging Technology Strategy
how to develop networks, institutions, and human capital to support the diffusion of innovation
How to develop efficient ways to acquire foreign technology
How to develop the local technical human capital to take advantage of innovations
Access to Technology &
Knowledge

18. Emerging Technology Strategy
Imports of capital goods and components
Design specifications and technical assistance from foreign buyers
Foreign technology licensing
Direct Foreign Investment and strategic alliances
Education and training
(abroad)
Local (R&D) efforts
Technical Assistance
ICT
Access to Technology &
Knowledge

19. UNIDO's ideas

20. Bridging the technology divide;
Supports the efforts of developing countries and economies in transition
Bridging the technology divide;
Technology upgrading of industrial sectors, clusters and value chains and capacity-building
North-South and South-South knowledge/technology transfer and partnership
Access hard and soft technologies
Builds the capacity of the private sector to compete in global markets by
adopting new technologies;
improving management practices;
Meeting international standards

21. Specialized sectoral Technology
solutions
Process and production Technology (PPT)
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Environmentally sound technology (EST)
Cross-sectoral
Technology
solutions

22. Development of services to help the private sector
Mobilize knowledge, skills and technology for enhancing production capabilities and productivity growth
Enabling environment at the policy, institutional and enterprise level providing the technological infrastructure for development.

23. Constraints Lack of knowledge of technology opportunities and skills
Disconnected/scattered SMEs (value chains?)
Gap in transferring innovation culture to the business community and in encouraging investment in new technologies
Limited capacity to upgrade available technology/continuous improvement
Underdeveloped science and technology infrastructure including quality infrastructure
Lack of large private industries with their own R&D activities and poor R&D in SMEs
Inadequate financing schemes
Limited adaptation and customization capability
………………..

24. Role of Business Associations
Facilitate knowledge Transfer for “new generic technologies” – ICT, biotechnology, new materials and processing technologies;
Bring the innovation results and the innovation culture to the business environment and encourage investment in new technology
Facilitate transfer and absorption of technology to developing countries (North-South and South-South UNIMED);
Advocacy for innovation policies/incentives

25. Role of Business Associations
Monitor technological trends (foresight) including market needs, industrial applications, standards requirements;
Provide training and support to SMEs in the areas of innovation, technology need assessment, technology acquisition, management of technological change and technology absorption.
Network with industrial associations, R&D institutes, universities, professional and, government institutions etc.
Foster use of technology in competitive manufacturing and marketing of products: including environmental considerations, quality-related aspects, the innovation process and the transfer of technology from developers to the users

26. Technology Foresight and Monitoring
To guide the development of the technological infrastructure, support to innovation, incentives to enterprises and assistance to them in technology management and technology transfer, leading to the envisaged competitiveness and growth at the enterprise level;
Technology Policies and Strategies
Active agents of innovation and technology transfer, with networking arrangements and strategic alliances.
Technology Centres
Advanced Technology Management

27. Identification of critical technology needs (link to foresight)
Advanced Technology Management
Identification of critical technology needs (link to foresight)
Generation of and use of technology in competitive manufacturing and marketing of products, including environmental considerations, quality-related aspects, the innovation process and the transfer of technology from developers to the users.

28. Investment and technology promotion strategies
To involve and articulate various key players that should learn collectively, not only at the enterprise level but also at the level of academia, Industrial Associations, R&D institutions, technology centers, development financing, and other institutions which form and support the national innovation system;
To include extension services to enterprises, because enterprises of developing countries, and SMEs in particular, cannot alone manage the technology acquisition process and the innovation process, which they need to achieve and sustain their competitive position in the market place;
To involve a consistent international cooperation whereby developing countries can learn from those countries, industrialized or more advanced developing countries, that have upgraded their technological institutions and learned how to make them relevant to the private sector.

29. Tools Trade and Technology/Knowledge Transfer EST Cleaner Production
Energy/Kyoto
Quality
Infrastructure
International
Technology Centers and
Investment/Technology Promotion Offices
Technology needs assessment &
Technology management
Capacity Building
Service Providers
International Business Incubation Systems IBIS
Tools
Technology Foresight
Mise à Niveau
BOT
Manuals….

30. Regulation of international technology transactions:
Trade and TK Transfer
Licensing agreements,
Direct foreign investment, Joint ventures,
Franchising,
Turn-key contracts,
Consultancy agreements,
etc.)
Regulation of international technology transactions:
Main forms of international technology transaction
Economic issues and legal problems associated with each form of transaction
Regulatory mechanisms (approval and registration procedures, competition or antitrust laws…)
Conformity assessment….

31. Trade and Technology/Knowledge Transfer
Special and differential (S&D) provisions included in all the WTO agreements
…… developed countries should help developing countries in specific areas (such as technology transfer under intellectual property protection) but actions needed are not defined………..

32. Trade and Technology/Knowledge Transfer
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
The Doha declaration includes a separate declaration, which unambiguously reaffirms the primacy of public health concerns over patent rights in the TRIPS agreement.
Length and scope of pharmaceutical patenting in developing countries
Transition periods for the Implementation of TRIPs in the agricultural sector in developing countries
Mechanisms to make operational existing technology transfer provisions in the TRIPs agreement.

33. Trade and Technology/Knowledge Transfer
January 2002
….exasperated European officials say U.S. pressure appears to have torpedoed a $3 billion project to build a European version of the U.S. global positioning system (GPS), which uses signals from orbiting satellites to track geographical position within 36 meters.
The proposed system, dubbed Galileo, was intended to give Europeans more autonomy, both industrially and militarily. That's no small concern, since the United States can selectively block access to GPS, as it has during the military campaign in Afghanistan.
…. European plans to develop a rapid-reaction military force will become much more credible with their own GPS in military operations.
Source: ITD News

34. Technology Infrastructure
MAX
INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
BUSINESS PARK
RESEARCH PARK
TECHNOPOLY
MAX
INDUSTRIAL
INCUBATOR
SCIENCE PARK
HIGH-TECH INCUBATOR
MAX
BUSINESS CENTRE
R&D CENTRE
MAX
TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
MAX
INNOVATION CENTRE

35. Technology Infrastructure
Investment and technology Promotion Offices
UNIDO Mediterranean-Arab Network
UNIDO’s Exchange
National Cleaners Production Centres NCPC
International Technology Centres
Sub-Contracting Exchanges and Partnership
Quality and Productivity Centres

36. Technology Infrastructure:
International Technology Centers
They act as outreach technology arms for services and international frameworks for cooperation in technology areas with cross-sectoral and wide economic impact.
Mostly operate in the field of “new generic technologies” – IT, biotechnology, new materials and processing technologies;
Bring the innovation results and the innovation culture to the business environment and encourage investment in new technology
Facilitate transfer and absorption of technology to developing countries (North-South and South-South);

37. Technology Infrastructure:
International Technology Centers
Are fully financed from extra-budgetary contributions (from both developed and developing countries)
Monitor technological trends (foresight) including market needs and industrial applications;
Provide training and support to SMEs in the areas of innovation, technology acquisition, management of technological change and technology absorption.
Network with R&D institutes, universities, professional and industrial associations, government institutions etc.

38. Technology Infrastructure: International Technology Centers
International Centre for Science and High Technology (ICS, Trieste, Italy)
International Centre for Advancement of Manufacturing Technology (ICAMT, Bangalore, India)
International Centre for Small Hydro Power (ICSHP, Huanzhou, China)
International Centre for Application of Solar Energy (CASE, Perth, Western Australia)
International Materials Assessment and Application Centre (IMAAC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
International Centre of Medicine Biotechnology (ICMB, Moscow, Russia)
International Centre for Materials Evaluation Technology (ICMET, Taejon, Republic of Korea)
UNIDO-Shanghai International IT Technology Promotion Centre (Shanghai, China)
UNIDO-Shenzhen Environment Technology Promotion Centre (Shenzhen, China)

39. International/National Cooperating with UNIDO Centres
Technology Infrastructure:
International Technology Centers
International Centre for Materials Technology Promotion (ICM, Beijing, China) – pipeline project to be open in March 2002
International/National Cooperating with UNIDO Centres
International Centre for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI, 18 member countries, Moscow, Russia
International Technology Centre (InterTec, Vienna, Austria, technologies from Russia)
National Technology Transfer Centre (Minsk, Belarus)
Technology Transfer Centre (Kiev, Ukraine)
Sectoral Technology Centres (Egypt) – under establishment
UNIDO-Bulgaria Technology Promotion and Innovation Centre – to be established

40. Technology Infrastructure: International Technology Centers
In 2001, the International Centre for Advancement of Manufacturing Technology (ICAMT, Bangalore, India) started to implement a project aiming at technology upgrading the foundry industries in the Agra City, India. The transfer of a new technology (at a cost of US$150,000) and its application at 100 foundries will secure 10,000 working places for local people, thus investing only US$15 to secure one job).
The International Centre of Medicine Biotechnology (ICMB, Moscow, Russia), in cooperation with the Beijing Free Economic Zone and City Administration, promoted a modern medical diagnostic centre to be established in Beijing and mobilized the investment of US$35 million for this purpose. In addition, ICMB is finalizing a package of technology transfer agreements between Russia and India at a cost of US$7,0 million.
The National Centre for Technology Transfer, established by UNIDO in the Republic of Belarus, facilitated the transfer of new technologies to the Shandong Province of China. 14 agreements were signed by partners towards creating new enterprises in China to commercialize R&D results from Belarus and more than 100 research projects selected for further consideration. Similar technology partnership programmes were initiated with two other Provinces of China.

41. INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION: DIFFERENCES AND COMPLEMENTARITIES
International Technology Centers and
Investment/Technology Promotion Offices
INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION: DIFFERENCES AND COMPLEMENTARITIES
Investors
Government
Agencies
Investment
Funds
Financial
Institutions
Technology
IPAs
ITPOs
Industrial
Associations
Venture
Capital
R&D
Institutes
Universities
ITPOs
Technology
Centres
Management
Innovation
Competitive Production Sustainable
Growth

42. International Technology Centers and
Investment/Technology Promotion Offices
Investment and technology Promotion Offices

43. MEDITERRANEAN-ARAB NETWORK: MEMBERS Present members
IPU EGYPT/GAFI
IPU JORDAN/JIB
IPU MOROCCO/ODI
IPU TUNISIA/MCIE
ITPO BAHRAIN
ITPO GREECE
ITPO FRANCE
ITPO ITALY
Potential future members
ITPO Spain
ITPO Turkey
IPU Lebanon/IDAL

44. MEDITERRANEAN-ARAB NETWORK: MEMBERS
Investment and Technology Promotion Offices
Bilateral Credit Lines
Upgrading Quality and Technology Infrastructure
Mise à Niveau

45. National Cleaners Production Centres NCPC
International Technology Centers
NCPC
National Cleaners Production Centres NCPC
23 NCPC in countries around the world, with an
investment of US$21 million (together with UNEP)

46. UNIDO Programme on TEST / MED
Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Mediterranean Region
building capacity in industrial service institutions in four countries for the identification of EST and the least costly path to environmental compliance
The TEST focal points: UNIDO/UNEP National Cleaner Production Centre, (Tunisia and Morocco), or a UNIDO-EU cleaner production centre (Lebanon) or USAID/DANIDA Pollution Prevention Centre (Egypt)
REVIEW CP
EMS
EMA
EST
Contact:
Under final negotiation for GEF

47. International Business Incubation Systems
Technology Infrastructure:
Business Incubation Systems
IBIS
International Business Incubation Systems
The technology acquisition and the innovation process are needed to achieve and sustain enterprises competitive position in the market place;

48. Innovative Business Creation Process
Technology Infrastructure:
Business Incubation Systems
Innovative Business Creation Process
KNOWLEDGE PUSH Knowledge available locally
MARKET PULL Global Market

49. SOURCES OF LOCAL AVAILABLE KNOWLEDGE (TUNISIA)
Technology Infrastructure:
Business Incubation Systems
SOURCES OF LOCAL AVAILABLE KNOWLEDGE (TUNISIA)
Spin offs from large enterprises (Tunisie Telecom)
Universities, Technical Institutes, Research Centres (INRST, CERT, ISETcom, INSAT, IRSIT, etc.)
Targeted population groups (returning emigrants with high technical background, Cynex)

50. IBIS - TUNISIA LEAD SPONSORS
PARC TELECOM
INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (INRST)
NABEUL
ISET - API
SFAX
ENIS - API

51. Tools Technology Foresight
UNIDO Manual on Technology Transfer Negotiation and Training Kit
Training Package on Technology Management
Guidelines on Business Alliances
Guide on Joint Ventures
UNIDO BOT Guidelines
Technology Needs Assessment Manual and reporting software system
UNIDO’s Subcontracting System
Mise à Niveau………

52. Technology Foresight (TF)
Tools
Technology Foresight (TF)
A powerful instrument for establishing common views on the future development strategies among policy-making bodies.
Involves wide participation of major actors, namely, the government, science, industry and NGO
A way for systematic forecasting of the long-term trends in development of science, technology, the economy and social needs
It aims at identifying the emerging technologies with highest potential of contributing to economic and social benefits.

53. IT Networking - IT Tools Networking - IT Networking - IT Government
Policy
Tools
Technology Foresight
and Monitoring IT
Networking - IT
Networking - IT
Technology Acquisition and Transfer
Technology Management and Innovation
Networking - IT
Institutional
Framework
Enterprises
Competitiveness

54. A TOOL FOR TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Tools
CAPTECH
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
PLANNING THROUGH
TECHNOLOGY NEEDS
IDENTIFICATION
A TOOL FOR
TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT

55. Tools

56. Tools COMPETITIVENESS Export The local market THE UPGRADING PROCESS
AT THE ENTERPRISE LEVEL
AT THE ENVIRONMENT LEVEL
Tools
Overall strategic diagnosis
Institutional & regulatory environment
Formulation of the upgrading plan and financing scheme
Infrastructure and services
Banking and financial environment
Approval of the upgrading plan
Investment incentives and promotion
Implementation and follow-up of the upgrading plan
Modernisation of equipment
Organisation and management systems
Production
systems
Training &
skills
development
Quality &
certification
Marketing & market Research
Alliance &
Partnership
COMPETITIVENESS
Export
The local market

57. CONTRIBUTIONS BY Gerardo Patacconi E4PQ Manager
Phone (+43-1)
Fax. (+43-1)
Jose Manuel De Caldas Lima
Senior Industrial Development Advisor
Phone (+43-1)
Fax. (+43-1)
Ouseph Padickakudi
Industrial Development Officer
Phone (+43-1)
Fax (+43-1) –
Vladimir Kozharnovich
ITC Programme Manager
Phone: (+43-1) /3702
Fax: (+43-1)
Lucia Cartini
ITPOs Advisor
Phone (+43-1)
Fax. (+43-1)
Fabrizio Condorelli
IBIS Programme Manager
Phone (+43-1)
Fax. (+43-1)

58. ANNEX

59. Intellectual property:
protecting and regulating the use of intangible assets comprising knowledge and information
Intellectual property:
Forms of intellectual property (patents, trade marks, copyright, and allied rights);
Comparisons between intellectual property and other methods of promoting technological development (e.g. tax incentives, state funding for research and development, and government procurement policies).
Legal and institutional frameworks of national and international intellectual property systems.

60. Intellectual property:
Areas covered by the TRIPS agreement
Copyright and related rights
Trademarks, including service marks
Geographical indications
Industrial designs
Patents
Layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits
Undisclosed information, including trade secrets