1. Dan Beard’s Illustrations Jim Sullivan Claremont Graduate University

2. P Makes explicit Twain’s implied critique of American capitalism and technology P Applies Twain’s satire of 6th century romance tradition to contemporary England Beard radicalizes Twain’s cultural criticism But makes conclusion more conventionally Victorian 19th and 6th Century Justice

3. P Hank Morgan, Foreman at 19th Century American Colt Weapon Factory P Wakes up in 6th century England P Exploits superior technological knowledge to take control of Arthur’s kingdom P Destroys 25,000 knights P Dies back in 19th century

4. Wrote to his publisher “tell Beard to obey his own inspiration, & when he sees a picture in his mind, put that picture on paper, be it humorous or be it serious. I want his genius to be wholly unhampered” Sarah Bernhardt as Clarence the “page” Suggests open notions of intertextuality and imagination

5. “Without knowing it the Yankee is constantly answering modern British criticism of America, and pointing out the weakness and injustice of by a privileged class often mentally and physically far inferior to the masses of the people over whom they rule” “A Keen and Powerful Satire on English Nobility and Royalty” “A Book That Appeals To All True Americans”

6. From Arthur to Victoria Henry VIII “Supreme Head of the Church and some other heads” Victoria “Troublesomest old sow of the lot” “The Order of the Golden Grease” Arthur “some manhood even in a King”

7. P Popular 19th century poem P Literary justification of British imperialism P Historical naivete and class bias infuriates Twain P Satire indirect in narrative but explicit in drawings Tennyson and the Idylls of the King Alfred Lord Tennyson as “Merlin”

8. “Beard got everything that I put into that book and a little more besides…From the first page to the last is one vast sardonic laugh at the trivialities, the servilities of our poor human race...those creatures that make slaves of themselves and have not the manliness to shake it off. Beard put it all in that book. I meant it to be there. I put a lot of it there and Beard put the rest.” Brother! -- To Dirt Like That!

9. P Hank and King Arthur sold as slaves P Any mention of slavery an implied reference to the U.S. Slavery & Capitalism P Jay Gould -- despised “robber baron” -- perennial Twain target P Beard makes Twain’s implied criticism explicit

10. P Kills 25,000 knights P Trapped behind wall of corpses P Merlin’s revenge sends him back to 19th century P Technology secretly advanced P No effect on 6th century society

11. P Narrative: 19th century Hank calls out to 6th century wife, Sandy. P Drawing: Father Time imposes separation P Narrative: Hank dies in apparent despair P Drawing: Reunites couple and child P Traditional Victoria era ending

12. Why Twain’s Unqualified Embrace of Beard’s Art? P Money: illustrations sell books P Sharpened social criticism P Liberation of artistic imagination

13. All photos and text come from the Iowa Center for Textual Studies edition of A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court; edited by Bernard L. Stein; University of California Press, 1986. Beard Illustrations P Cover Illustration (paperback edition) P Justice (411) P Up a tree (32) P Sir Boss (89) P Sarah Bernhardt (64) P Arthur (81) P Henry (190) P Victoria (225) P Tennyson (67) P My Brother (323) P Jay Gould (405) P Telephone Wires (126) P Destruction (482) P Separation (491) P Reunion (493) P Peace (535) P Twain Quotes Slide #4 “Twain to Frederick J. Hall 24 July 1889 (456 in paperback edition) Slide #8 “Mark Twain Speaks” 471-473 (quoted on 456 of paperback edition of Connecticut Yankee) P Publisher’s Announcement Slide #5: 540-541