1. Chapter 5 Immigration & Urbanization

2. The New Immigrants

3.  Looked, spoke, and worshipped differently.

4. The Immigrant Experience  Traveled to the U.S in steerage  Over crowding and dirty; led to disease  Third-Class accommodations  Immigrants brought to processing stations  Ellis Island; New York City  Angel Island; San Francisco

5. The Immigrant Experience  Flocked to American cities, leading to increased urbanization  Often lived in ethnic neighborhoods (ghettos); Shared language, religion, & culture  Americanization programs created  Immigrant fraternal organizations formed  American society labeled as a “melting pot”

6. Urbanization  Rise of cities and their populations  Cities offered both native-born Americans and immigrants opportunities

7. Urbanization & Technology

8. Urbanization’s impact

9. Nativism  Belief that native-born white Americans were superior to new immigrants; Nativism= Racism  Grew due to economic competition (jobs/housing); religious & cultural differences  Catholic immigrant groups largely targeted by American Protestants  Nativism supported by US government  Ex: Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882; Prohibited Chinese immigration and civil rights of Chinese  1898= Congress passed act which prohibited entry of anyone who was a criminal, immoral, a pauper, or would need public assistance (welfare)

10. Nativism

11. Social & Cultural Trends  Last decades of 19 th century called the Gilded Age  Coined by Mark Twain; believed society had a rotten core, covered with gold paint  Described post-Reconstruction era; Characterized by a façade of prosperity

12. Social & Cultural Trends  Industrialization & Urbanization changed lives of workers  Worked for wages rather than for themselves on farms; Rural-to-urban migration  More products available @ lower prices; Department stores & consumer innovations (money-back gurantee)  Led to conspicuous consumerism= purchasing of goods to impress others

13. Social & Cultural Trends  Growth/Spread of transportation, communication, & advertising led to development of American mass culture  Americans, rich and poor, became more alike in their consumption patterns  Mass culture created increased newspaper circulation

14. Social & Cultural Trends  Newspapers spread due to the expansion of public education  1870= A few hundred schools; 1910= Over 5,000 schools existed  90% literacy rate in US by 1900  Urban leaders counted on schools to help Americanize immigrants  Teach immigrants English and shaping them into good citizens

15. Social & Cultural Trends  New forms of popular entertainment  Amusement parks  Outdoor Shows= Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show; Chautauqua Circuit  Vaudeville Shows= Mix of musical drama, songs, and off-color comedy.  Baseball