2. All Eukaryotic Cells Contain Special Structures Called Organelles Organelles do the “work” of the cell.

3. There are some key parts common to most eukaryotic cells: 1. Cell Membrane 2. Cell Wall 3. Nucleus 4. Cytoplasm

4. The cell membrane is an important part of all cells, and has 2 major jobs: 1) Separates the interior of the cell from its surrounding environment 2) Regulates what enters and leaves the cell!!!

5. In organisms such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, the cell membrane is surrounded by a Cell Wall The cell wall helps to support and protect the cell. It is rigid and serves as the “skeleton” of plants

6. The Nucleus is the “information control center” of the eukaryotic cell The Nucleus contains DNA, the genetic material that holds the coded instructions for making thousands of different molecules The nucleus directs the biochemical activities of the cell

7. The nucleus is made up of three important structures 1. Nuclear Envelope 2. Nucleolus 3. Chromosomes

8. Surrounds the nucleus and separates its contents from the rest of the cell Contains pores, or small openings, that allows certain molecules to move in and out of the nucleus

9. The nucleolus is a dark, dense region made up of the genetic material RNA The nucleolus where ribosomes are made

10. Small, threadlike structures made up of proteins and DNA molecules Contain the hereditary information that is passed from one generation to the next

11. Jellylike fluid made up of water and chemicals that fills the interior of the cell and holds the cell’s organelles

12. All living things require energy Energy comes from the sun or food substances This energy is made available to cells in the: Mitochondria Chloroplast

13. The “Powerhouse” of the Cell Mitochondria convert the chemical energy stored in food molecules into ATP, the cellular energy molecule

14. Organelles found only in plants, algae, and some bacteria that contain the light absorbing pigment chlorophyll Photosynthesis occurs here as plants convert solar energy into the food substance glucose

15. Ribosomes are cellular machines that produce proteins, important biological molecules Ribosomes are either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

16. A series of structures that connect the nucleus to the cell membrane and aid in transporting cellular products

17. A network of membrane sacs that transports materials through the inside of the cell 2 types: Rough ER Smooth ER

18. Rough ER ER is covered with ribosomes Involved in the synthesis and chemical modification of proteins

19. Smooth ER Enzymes and special biochemicals are stored in the smooth ER

20. Modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules made at one location of the cell and used at another

21. The Cleanup Crew of the Cell! Contain digestive enzymes that can “digest” substances in the cell such as foreign materials and worn out organelles Lysosome

22. Cellular storage tanks that may hold water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Plants have a large central vacuole to hold water. The pressure of the water helps to keep the plant upright

23. The Cytoskeleton is a tiny network of tubules that support the cell’s structure and drive cellular movement Microtubules provide support for cell shape, help move organelles through the cytoplasm, and play a special role in cell division by forming centrioles

24. Centrioles are found in animal cells and play a role in mitotic cell division

25. Follow the link to a great practice activity at the Biology Place At the site, click on the practice button and follow the directions to test your knowledge!!!

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28. 1. Go to www.biology.com 3. Practice and have fun!!!