1. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide nr: 1 Space in the service of the citizen Prof. Gunnar Stette NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology G.Stette@tele.ntnu.no

2. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 2 Where do I see space in the service of the citizen ? Global mobile communications virtually impossible without the use of space. Souce: ESTEC

3. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 3 Geostationary Satellite Coverage From HF radio with low capacity, complicated and not reliable wave propagation to communication via a relay in space. One geostationary satellite covers 40% of the earth’s surface.

4. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 4 Maritime Mobile Communications The INMARSAT system connected the ships on all seas to the global telecommunications network. The pre-space communications systems were unreliable and unstable Two tragic ship accidents opened the eyes of the public Berge Istra (1976) and Berge Vanga (1980). 18 000 ships use such terminals

5. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 5 New groups of users Inmarsat Bt(voice, data) Inmarsat M (voice,data) Hand held Inmarsat C (600 bit/s data) Mini-M

6. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 6 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System COSPAS -SARSAT International satellite-based search and rescue system. 406 MHz satellite emergency position-indicating radiobeacon (EPIRB) Automatic-activating EPIRBs required on any SOLAS ships. (IMO Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS) convention) Over 33,000 EPIRBs in the NOAA 406 MHz Registration Database Tromsø Satellite Station operates a Local User Terminal. Using four American and Russian satellites, signals from emergency beacons are received at TSS. The data is processed and the calculated position of the beacon is forwarded to the National Rescue Centre.

7. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 7 Connecting remote places to the network Spitsbergen Oil fields National satellite systems for special applications 36 domestic systems use INTELSAT space segment for services to remote areas (the first system was Algeria Umm Haraz, Sudan

8. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 8 Overlay networks The GSM-system is fine, but It is not suitable for crisis and emergency communications A regional (Europe-wide) closed mobile system with services such as - priority for access to the system and to channels - group calls - text messaging - pre-determined networks - information retrieval - database queries etc. etc. A TETRA in the sky, indpendent of local capacity limitations INMARSAT car terminal

9. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 9 Services for the third world Little-LEO messaging systems can provide efficient and affordable communications to the remote places of the world. The Ebola virus outbreak in Zaïre was first reported via the Healthnet satellite. W hile the lucky few million in the rich world amuse themselves in cyberspace, half the human race has never made a telephone call." — The Economist, May 18, 1996 The window is approximately 15 minutes, allowing for the download of up to 150 kilobytes of compressed data, or about 150 pages of text, and the upload of 25 kilobytes (25 pages) -

10. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 10 The Bruland system for deaf people This is a new element SIGN LANGUAGE (transmitter) Digital TV opens new possibilities: Space is the forerunner

11. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 11 SIGN LANGUAGE (reception) The interpreter is shown on an additional monitor or as a window in the main picture. It can be viewed or not, as wanted. I I System proposed in 1989 Pilot project started by NRK* October 98 Distributed via satellite to 30 receivers for evaluation * The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation

12. DO NOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION Department of Telecommunications Slide: # 12 SUMMARY Space systems are indispensible for global, mobile communications systems. Satellites can, for technical, geographical and economical reason, provide communications that terrestrial systems cannot. The IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications System) of the ITU (the International Telecomunications Union), or the UMTS of ETSI, must also have a satellite component.