2. Essential Questions Why did the civil rights movement splinter and a series of social and political crisis result after 1965 despite the significant previous gains of the civil rights movement? How did activists question society’s assumptions about gender and call for social and economic equality for women and for gays and lesbians? How did Latinos, American Indians, and Asian Americans demand social and economic equality and a redress of past injustices? How did more radical movements on the left also criticize Liberals for not doing enough?

3. Black Power Malcolm X & Elijah Muhammad (head of Nation of Islam)(called for black nationalism & separatism “Black Power” Movement – 1966 Stokely Carmichael Chairman of SNCC repudiates non-violence & advocate separatism Race Riots broke out from 1965-1968: – Watts Riots in 1965: 34 killed, 700 buildings destroyed – Kerner Commission in 1968 concluded white racism and de facto segregation was the cause of violence & the United States was becoming “two societies, one black, one white – separate and unequal” Black Panthers: founded in 1966 by Huey Newton & Bobby Seale in Oakland MLK Jr. assassination in Memphis 1968 Riots in 168 cities & at least 46 dead 1968 Olympics Tommie Smith & John Carlos Black Power salute

4. The New Left SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) 1962 – Tom Hayden’s “Port Huron Statement” Free Speech Movement – UC Berkeley 1964 Mid-60’s shift from Civil Rights to Vietnam Yippies (Youth International Party)– Abbie Hoffman & Jerry Rubin – radical counterculture organization – political theater – Chicago Seven Conspiracy Trial 1969 The Weathermen (Weather Underground) 1969 most radical used violence & vandalism, including bombings of government buildings and banks (no deaths) 1970 Greenwich Village 3 members dead.

5. Hippies/Counter-Culture Hippies: Youth rebellion through dress hair, drug use, communal living, folk & rock music, sexual revolution, eastern spirituality Ken Kesey & Marry Pranksters “Acid Tests” Haight-Ashbury, SF “Summer of Love” 1967 “Love Ins” “Be Ins” Dr. Timothy Leary – LSD “Turn on, tune in, drop out” Woodstock Music Festival – NY 1969

6. American Indians A.I.M. (American Indian Movement) 1968 opposed to Termination policy & pro self-determination & tribal traditions – led by Dennis Banks & Russell Means Occupation of Alcatraz demonstration in 1969 Occupied Wounded Knee, SD 1973 – 71 day armed stand-off with federal agents at Pine Ridge Reservation Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975 expanded control of reservations and tribal lands U.S. v. Wheeler (1978) “termination” unconstitutional Indian Gambling Regulatory Act of 1988: casinos

7. Latino Activists Cesar Chavez founds 1965 United Farm Workers (UFW) leads boycott of grapes – 1968 hunger strike supported by Bobby Kennedy, 1970 ½ of CA grape crowers signed contract, finally gained collective bargaining rights in 1975 La Raza Unida – “Chicano Power” young activists fought for equality including more militant “Brown Berets” Fight for bilingualism: Bilingual Education Act of 1968

8. Feminism “The Pill” birth control approved by FDA in 1960 Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique 1963 founds N.O.W. (National Organization for Women) in 1966 Equal Pay Act of 1963 Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title VII Gloria Steinam – Ms. Magazine ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) passed Congress in 1972 but defeated by Conservatives & Phyllis Schlaffly Roe v. Wade 1973 abortion legal in 1 st trimester “right to privacy”

9. Gay Rights Stonewall Riot 1969 Stonewall Inn in NYC launched movement Gay Liberation Front – encouraged “coming out” pride & fight for equality Harvey Milk 1 st openly gay elected official in San Francisco in 1977, assassinated 1978 by Dan White “Twinkie Defense” only served 5 years