1. DO NOW Advice for sleepless Calvin:

2. Sleep Stages While we sleep our brain has electrical activity (brain waves) in which researchers record. EEG machine is used to measure the activity and stages of sleep. Click dude for alpha Waves. Click to see an awake brain.

3. Brain Waves and Sleep Stages  Alpha Waves  slow waves of a relaxed, awake brain  Delta Waves  large, slow waves of deep sleep  Hallucinations  false sensory experiences

4. Stage 1 Kind of awake and kind of asleep. Only lasts about 5 minutes, and you usually only experience it once a night. Click the couple to see Theta Waves

5. Stage 2 Begin to show sleep spindles…short bursts of rapid brain waves. EEG Click image to see Stage Two of sleep.

6. Stages 3 and 4 Slow wave sleep. Produce Delta waves. If awoken you will be very groggy. Vital for restoring body’s growth hormones and good overall health. Click boys to see deep sleep. From stage 4, your brain begins to speed up and you go to stage 3, then 2….then ……

7. REM Sleep Rapid Eye Movement AKA “paradoxical sleep” Brain is very active. Dreams usually occur in REM. Body is essentially paralyzed. REM Rebound Click boy dreaming to see REM sleep.

8. Stages in a Typical Night’s Sleep 01234567 4 3 2 1 Sleep stages Awake Hours of sleep REM

9. What are dreams? Story-like sensations and perceptions. Most bizarre and vivid dreams occur during REM sleep. May contain a certain amount of logic. May be influenced by daytime activities to some degree. Lucid dreaming – when you are aware that you are dreaming

10. 10 Facts about Dreams 1.Everybody dreams. 2.You forget most of your dreams. 3.Not all dreams are in color. 4.Men and women dream differently. 5.Animals probably dream. 6.You can control your dreams (lucid dreaming). 7.Negative emotions are more common in dreams. 8.Blind people dream. 9.You are paralyzed during your dreams. 10.Many dreams are universal.

11. Dreams 5 most common dream themes: Falling, Being Chased, Teeth Falling Out, Back at School, Spouse Cheating on You Sensory stimuli can intrude into dreams

12. Recurrent Dreams Occur between 60% and 75% of adults, and more often in women than men Presence of unresolved conflicts or stressors in an individual’s life Often comprised of common dream themes – being attacked or chased, falling, being stuck, being late, missing or failing an exam, losing control of a car – themes may be considered “scripts”

13. Nightmares Occur during REM sleep 5% of population have them On average pf 1X per week Usually happens when we miss REM sleep, don’t get enough sleep, drink too much alcohol, eat spicy foods, or see something that is scary.

14. Dreams: Sigmund Freud  Wrote “The Interpretation of Dreams” (1900)  Freud wrote that dreams are "...disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes."

15. Why Do We Dream? Wish Fulfillment - Freud – Psychodynamic Approach – Dreams represent our unconscious desires – Repressed desires show up in the form of symbols Manifest content – the literal content of a dream (transcription) Latent content – the true meaning behind the dream (unconscious desires)

16. Why Do We Dream? Activation-Synthesis Theory – Views dreaming from a biological approach – Dreams result from random brain activity– the brain’s interpretation of what is happening physiologically during REM sleep Information-Processing Theory (Problem-Solving Theory) – Stress throughout the day increases the # and intensity of dreams – content relates to daily concerns – The function of REM is to integrate the info processed during the day into our memories

17. Why Do We Dream? Physiological Function – Brain stimulation from REM helps develop and preserve neural pathways Cognitive Development – Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development (their knowledge and understanding). Part of the brain maturation process.

19. Exit Slip Please read the crazy dream and follow the subsequent directions. Collected for a classwork grade.

20. Dream Theories  Wish Fulfillment- also Freud  Dreams express otherwise unacceptable feelings; “psychic safety valve”

21. Dream Theories  Information-Processing/Waking Life  Dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate memories  Ex: High grades – high sleep correlation

22. Dream Theories  Physiological Functioning  Brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways  Explains why infants spend so much time in sleep and REM

23. Dream Theories  Activation-Synthesis  Dream is your brain trying to make sense out of random neural firings  Limbic system (emotion) and visual cortex have increased activity while dreaming

24. Dream Theories  Cognitive Theory  Dream content reflects dreamer’s cognitive development  Children under 9: Dreams are like slideshows that don’t make sense  Older: Coherent storylines in which we are actors