1. 7-1

2. 7-2 CHAPTER7 Accounting Information System

3. 7-3 PreviewofCHAPTER7

4. 7-4 Accounting information system (AIS) collects and processes transaction data and communicates financial information to decision makers. Includes:  All steps in the accounting cycle.  Documents that provide evidence of transactions.  Manual or computerized accounting system. SO 1 Identify the basic concepts of an accounting information system. Basic Concepts of AIS

5. 7-5 SO 1 Identify the basic concepts of an accounting information system. Cost Effectiveness - Benefits must outweigh the costs. Flexibility - The system should be sufficiently flexible to meet the resulting changes in the demands made upon it. Useful Output Illustration 7-1 Principles of an efficient and effective AIS. Basic Concepts of AIS

6. 7-6  Software programs (functions include sales, purchases, receivables, payables, cash receipts and disbursements, and payroll).  Generate financial statements.  Advantages: ► Typically enter data only once. ► Many human errors are eliminated. ► More timely information. Computerized Accounting Systems SO 1 Identify the basic concepts of an accounting information system. Basic Concepts of AIS

7. 7-7  Choosing a software package.  Entry-Level Software. ► Easy data access and report preparation ► Audit trail ► Internal control ► Customization ► Network Compatibility  Enterprise Resource Planning Systems. SO 1 Identify the basic concepts of an accounting information system. Basic Concepts of AIS Computerized Accounting Systems

8. 7-8  Perform each step in the accounting cycle by hand.  Satisfactory with a low volume of transactions.  Must understand manual accounting systems to understand computerized accounting systems. Manual Accounting Systems SO 1 Identify the basic concepts of an accounting information system. Basic Concepts of AIS

9. 7-9

10. 7-10 Used to keep track of individual balances. Two common subsidiary ledgers are: 1.Accounts receivable (customers’) 2.Accounts payable (creditors’) SO 2 Describe the nature and purpose of a subsidiary ledger. Subsidiary Ledgers Illustration 7-2

11. 7-11 Illustration 7-3 SO 2 Subsidiary Ledgers Subsidiary Ledger Example

12. 7-12 1.Show in a single account transactions affecting one customer or one creditor. 2.Free the general ledger of excessive details. 3.Help locate errors in individual accounts. 4.Make possible a division of labor. SO 2 Describe the nature and purpose of a subsidiary ledger. Advantages of Subsidiary Ledgers Subsidiary Ledgers

13. 7-13

14. 7-14 SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing. Used to record similar types of transactions. If a transaction cannot be recorded in a special journal, the company records it in the general journal. Illustration 7-5 Special Journals

15. 7-15 Each of the following is a subsidiary ledger except the: a.accounts receivable ledger. b.accounts payable ledger. c.customer’s ledger. d.general ledger. Question Special Journals SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing.

16. 7-16 SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing. Sales Journal Illustration 7-6 Perpetual inventory system, one entry at selling price in Sales Journal results in a debit to Accounts Receivable and a credit to Sales. Another entry at cost results in a debit to Cost of Goods Sold and a credit to Merchandise Inventory. Special Journals

17. 7-17 SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing. Illustration 7-7 Companies make daily postings from the sales journal to the individual accounts receivable in the subsidiary ledger. Posting the Sales Journal Special Journals

18. 7-18 SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing. Posting to the general ledger is done monthly. Special Journals Posting the Sales Journal Illustration 7-7

19. 7-19 Proving the Ledgers SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing. Special Journals Illustration 7-8

20. 7-20  One-line entry for each sales transaction saves time.  Only totals, rather than individual entries, are posted to the general ledger.  A division of labor results. Advantages of Sales Journal SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing. Special Journals

21. 7-21 SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing. In the cash receipts journal, companies record all receipts of cash. Illustration 7-9 Cash Receipts Journal Special Journals

22. 7-22 SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing. Special Journals Illustration 7-11 Proving the Ledgers

23. 7-23 Cash sales of merchandise are recorded in the: a.cash payments journal. b.cash receipts journal. c.general journal. d.sales journal. SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing. Special Journals Question

24. 7-24 Which of the following is not one of the credit columns in the cash receipts journal: a.Other accounts. b.Accounts payable. c.Accounts receivable. d.Sales. SO 3 Explain how companies use special journals in journalizing. Special Journals Question

25. 7-25 SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal. Illustration 7-13 Daily postings are made from the purchases journal to the accounts payable subsidiary ledger. Purchases Journal Special Journals

26. 7-26 SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal. At the end of the accounting period, the company posts totals to the general ledger. Special Journals Purchases Journal Illustration 7-13

27. 7-27 Special Journals Illustration 7-14 SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal. Proving the Ledgers

28. 7-28 All of the following are advantages of using subsidiary ledgers except they: a.show transactions affecting one customer or one creditor in a single account. b.free the general ledger of excessive details. c.eliminate errors in individual accounts. d.make possible a division of labor. Special Journals Question SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal.

29. 7-29 In a cash payments (cash disbursements) journal, companies record all disbursements of cash. Illustration 7-16 Cash Payments Journal SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal. Special Journals

30. 7-30 SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal. Illustration 7-16 Cash Payments Journal Special Journals

31. 7-31 SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal. Illustration 7-16 Cash Payments Journal Special Journals

32. 7-32 Proving the Ledgers Special Journals Illustration 7-17 SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal.

33. 7-33 Credit purchases of equipment or supplies other than merchandise are recorded in the: a.cash payments journal. b.cash receipts journal. c.general journal. d.purchases journal. SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal. Special Journals Question

34. 7-34 Cash payments of merchandise are recorded in the: a.cash payments journal. b.cash receipts journal. c.general journal. d.purchases journal. SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal. Special Journals Question

35. 7-35  Special journals substantially reduce the number of entries that companies make in the general journal.  Only transactions that cannot be entered in a special journal are recorded in the general journal.  Also, correcting, adjusting, and closing entries are made in the general journal. Effects of Special Journals on General Journal SO 4 Indicate how companies post a multi-column journal. Special Journals

36. 7-36 SO 4 Special Journals Illustration 7-18 Journalizing and posting the general journal

37. 7-37 Key Points  The basic concepts related to an accounting information system are the same under GAAP and IFRS.  The use of subsidiary ledgers and control accounts, as well as the system used for recording transactions, are the same under GAAP and IFRS.  The overriding principle in converting to IFRS is full retrospective application of IFRS. Retrospective application — recasting prior financial statements on the basis of IFRS — provides financial statement users with comparable information.

38. 7-38 Key Points  As indicated, the objective of the conversion process is to present a set of IFRS statements as if the company always reported under IFRS. To achieve this objective, a company follows these steps. 1.Identify the timing of its first IFRS statements. 2.Prepare an opening balance sheet at the date of transition to IFRS. 3.Select accounting principles that comply with IFRS, and apply these principles retrospectively. 4.Make extensive disclosures to explain the transition to IFRS.

39. 7-39 Key Points  Once a company decides to convert to IFRS, it must decide on the transition date and the reporting date. The transition date is the beginning of the earliest period for which full comparative IFRS information is presented. The reporting date is the closing balance sheet date for the first IFRS financial statements.  Upon first-time adoption of IFRS, a company must present at least one year of comparative information under IFRS.

40. 7-40 Looking to the Future The definitional structure of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, and expenses may change over time as the IASB and FASB evaluate their overall conceptual framework for establishing accounting standards. In addition, high-quality international accounting requires both high-quality accounting standards and high-quality auditing. Similar to the convergence of U.S. GAAP and IFRS, there is a movement to improve international auditing standards. The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) functions as an independent standard-setting body. It works to establish high-quality auditing and assurance and quality-control standards throughout the world.

41. 7-41 Information in a company ’ s first IFRS statements must: a)have a cost that does not exceed the benefits. b)be transparent. c)provide a suitable starting point. d)All the above. IFRS Self-Test Questions

42. 7-42 Indicate which of these statements is false. a)The use of subsidiary ledgers is the same under IFRS and GAAP. b)GAAP and IFRS use the same accounting principles. c)The use of special journals is the same under IFRS and GAAP. d)At conversion, companies should retrospectively adjust the financial statements presented following IFRS. IFRS Self-Test Questions

43. 7-43 The transition date is the date: a)when a company no longer reports under its national standards. b)when the company issues its most recent financial statement under IFRS. c)three years prior to the reporting date. d)None of the above. IFRS Self-Test Questions

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