1. Introduction to Ion Chromatography By Greg Langland CCSF EMSA 30A

2. Chromatography-(/ˌkroʊməˈtɒɡrəfi/; from Greek χρῶμα chroma "color" and γράφειν graphein "to write") is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. FPLC Chromatography

3. Gas Chromatography- liquid to gas solid phase Good for inorganic and organic volatile compounds

4. Detection of aroma on gas chromatograph

5. Types of chromatography- liquid and gas Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) or paper chromatography Column chromatography

6. Separation. How? Size (size exclusion chromatography) Affinity chromatography

7. Separation. How? (cont) Charge- ion chromatography- cation exchange and anion exchange

8. 850 Professional IC

9. Eluent (Mobile Phase) The mobile phase dissolves the sample and carries it through the system.

10. Pump outlet Outlet check valve Main piston Inlet check valve Auxiliary piston IC Pump The IC pump is a high- pressure pump that pushes mobile phase through the flow path.

11. Purge valve The purge valve is used to removed air from the eluent flow path or IC pump. This is normally done when the eluent is changed or air is observed in the eluent line. 0pen Purge valve Purge line

12. Inline Filter Inine filters, removes the particulate mater comes from the eluent as well as removes the abressive materials comes out of the pump head In-line Filter

13. in-line filter (6.2821.120) The eluent in-line filter has a 0.45 micron pore size and serves to filter particulates out of the eluent before it passes through the remainder of the flow path. It is a consumable part and the filter component should be changed quarterly.

14. Pulsation dampener The pulsation dampener is accessory. It must not be serviced and is therefore a consumable. The pulsation dampener (also pulsation absorber) smoothens the pressure variations caused by the pump and the injector valve. This protects the separation column and reduces disturbing pulsations during the conductivity measurement. 6.2620.150 Pulsation dampener It can be operated in both directions.

15. Injection valve Sample loop (20uL) Eluent in from pulsation absorber Sample waste Out to guard column and separation column Sample in sample outlet sample inlet pump column FILLINJECT sample inlet Sample Loop

16. Sample injection Sample Eluent Determination Sample loop (alternat. volumes) Valve position "Fill" Valve position "Inject" Injection valve The injection valve is to introduce the sample into the tubing system. The valve has 2 flow positions. Position "Fill" for filling up the loop with the sample while position "Inject" is for inserting the sample into the high pressure tubing system. 6.5904.0X0 Rotor External Sample Loop (diff. sizes)

17. Separation C0lumn Column Columns are accessories and can not be serviced. Sometimes they can be regenerated according to the manufacturers instructions. General lifespan is 1000-1500 sample injections. Chromatogram The separation of a sample takes place in the so called "stationary phase" inside the column. To pass the stationary phase every component of the sample needs a specific and unique time that is relative to the flow ratio and the type of eluent. This time is called retention time. As the time delay is known the components can be identified. Substance Quantity

18. Detector block Conductivity cell Heating Amplifier pcb Temperature sensor heating to waste Input

19. How to make a 1 part per million solution. If we have one ug (microgram) of a substance in a total of one gram (that is one million micrograms), then we have a 1 ug/g mixture (one part substance in one million parts sample). Other equilvalent units are: ng/mg mg/kg These are on a "weight-to-weight" basis. This is often labeled w/w.sample

20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6fsn2ZNSA4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qghMjkQcrRk Youtube help for calculating parts per million