1. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Learning Outcome 3 Know about forming basic woodworking joints

2. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Basic rules for mortise and tenon joints ●Tenon width should not be more than five times the thickness to prevent shrinkage and movement ●Tenon should be one-third thickness of the timber ●When a haunch is used one-third of the width should be removed. The depth of the haunch should be the same as the thickness ●A tenon should be in the middle third and can be moved either way to stay in line with rebate or groove

3. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Mortise and tenon A single rectangular tenon slotted into a mortise.

4. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Stub mortise and tenon Tenon stopped short to stop it protruding.

5. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Haunched mortise and tenon Tenon reduced in width, leaving shortened portion protruding (the haunch). This helps prevent tenon becoming bridled.

6. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Twin mortise and tenon Haunch formed in the centre of a wide tenon, creating two tenons.

7. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Double mortise and tenon Two tenons formed in the thickness of the timber.

8. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Stepped shoulder joint Shoulder stepped the depth of the rebate, used on frames.

9. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Dovetail joints: Through and lapped Dovetails joints should have a slope. If the slope is excessive, the joint will be weak by short grain, if insufficient it will pull apart.

10. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Other joints ●Bridle joints – a reversed mortise and tenon ●Halving joints – half of each component removed to form flush joint ●Angled joints – two pieces of timber meet and change angle (mitre joint most common) ●Butt and edge joints – two pieces butt together, while an edge joint runs along the edge of the components When are these joints used?

11. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Adhesives ●Adhesives can provide long-term fixing. ●Always be sure you use them correctly. ●Not all adhesives can be used outside. Contact adhesives must be nearly set before two surfaces are introduced. ●Manufacturer information sheets describe their use and COSHH information.

12. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Timber defects: Seasoning What are these types of defects? How do they occur?

13. Unit 1004 Produce basic woodworking joints © Pearson Education 2010 Printing and photocopying permitted Timber defects: Natural What are these types of defects? How do they occur?