1. The Spark… Princip

2. The Chain Reaction Austria issues Serbia with an ultimatum, but decides to declare war even when Serbia accepts all the points but one; Austria issues Serbia with an ultimatum, but decides to declare war even when Serbia accepts all the points but one; Russia declares war on Austria. Russia declares war on Austria. Germany declares war on Russia; Germany declares war on Russia; Germany also declares war on France and marches through Belgium. Germany also declares war on France and marches through Belgium. Britain declares war on Germany for violating Belgian neutrality. Britain declares war on Germany for violating Belgian neutrality. Italy declares its neutrality Italy declares its neutrality

3. Today’s Questions 4.How was World War I fought? 5.What were 5 new technologies that changed warfare during the Great War?

4. Trenches and Technology Warfare in the Great War (World War I)

5. Trenches

6. Trenches Jane Addams said Allied soldiers were given stimulants (alcohol, drugs) before they would or could charge with their bayonets.

7. Trenches “Lice, rats, barbed wire, fleas, shells, bombs, underground caves, corpses, blood, liquor, mice, cats, artillery, filth, bullets, mortars, fire, steel: that is what war is” – Otto Dix, German soldier

11. Trenches Trench foot Trench foot –Caused by feet staying wet 24 hours a day –Feet swell, become numb, turn blue –Change socks 3 times a day to avoid

12. Trenches Poison Gas Poison Gas –Germans used it first against the Russians in 1915 –Mustard gas Skin blistered Eyes became very sore Vomiting Internal and external bleeding Attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane Usually 4-5 weeks to die after being poisoned

13. British Gas Casualties: 1914-1918 DeathsSurvivors Mustard Gas 4,08616,526 Chlorine1,976164,457

14. “Great mustard- coloured blisters, blind eyes, all sticky and stuck together, always fighting for breath, with voices a mere whisper, saying that their throats are closing and they know they will choke." – Nurse Vera Brittain “Great mustard- coloured blisters, blind eyes, all sticky and stuck together, always fighting for breath, with voices a mere whisper, saying that their throats are closing and they know they will choke." – Nurse Vera Brittain

15. Victims of Mustard Gas

18. Technology Tank Tank –British invention –Mobile killing machine –Designed to overcome trenches, wire, and landmines –Dangerous to people inside

21. Technology Machine Guns Machine Guns –Maxim gun –Deadliest weapon of war –600 bullets a minute (10 bullets a second) –One machine gun=80 men with rifles

25. Technology Airplanes Airplanes –Little effect = Clumsy bombers + small bombs –Used mainly to observe enemy

26. Airplanes –Aces (pilots with 5+ downed enemy planes) engaged in “dogfights” –Most famous Germany’s Red Baron (Manfred von Richtofen) 80 victories America’s Eddie Rickenbacker 26 victories

29. Technology Unterseeboot (U-Boat) Unterseeboot (U-Boat) –Submarines with guns and torpedoes –Used to block trade –Sank over 11 million tons of Allied shipping