1. FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

2. History 66 A.D. Nero, the Roman Emperor. Nero's mother Agrippina had her soldiers kill Lollia Paulina, with instructions to bring back her head as proof that she was dead. Agrippina, unable to positively identify the head, examined the front teeth and on finding the discolored front tooth confirmed the identity of the victim

3. History The first forensic dentist in the United States was Paul Revere who was known for the identification of fallen revolutionary soldiersPaul Revere 1954, Texas burglary scene with bite mark in cheese (Doyle v. State) 1975, California sexual assault with bites to victim’s nose (People v. Marx)

4. Functions of Forensic Odontology Id unknown human remains through dental records. Assist at the scene of a mass disaster. Age estimations of both living and deceased persons. Analysis of bite marks found on victims of attack. ID of bite marks in other substances e.g. wood, duct tape, pencils, leather and foodstuffs. Analysis of weapon marks using the principles of bite mark analysis. Presentation of bite and weapon mark evidence in court. Building a picture of lifestyle and diet at an archaeological site.

6. Role in Mass Disaster Management Establish hierarchy of leadership Procure and implement computer data base Establish ante-mortem team Establish post-mortem team Determine protocol

7. Identification of Human Remains Post-Mortem resection of non-viewable remains Radiography of intact or fragmented jaws Charting of post-mortem examination Obtaining and charting of ante-mortem records Comparison of data

8. POSTMORTUM

9. ANTEMORTUM

10. POSTMORTUM ANTEMORTUM

11. A match?

12. Details for Comparison 1.Fillings 2.Extractions 3.Surface structure/root configuration 4.Adjacent teeth 5.Twisted/tilted teeth

13. Cryogenic grinding to get DNA

14. Teeth Impressions Can be left in food, gum and skin

15. Degree of Bite hemorrhage -- small bleeding spot abrasion -- undamaging mark on skin contusion -- ruptured blood vessel, bruise (*most common) laceration -- punctured or torn skin incision -- neat puncture of skin avulsion -- removal of skin artifact -- bitten-off piece of body

16. Why do people bite? A sign of perp seeking to degrade the victim while also achieving complete domination. Can be found on a suspect when a victim attempts to defend him/herself.

17. BITE MARK ANALYSIS Scaled photography of bite mark evidence Scaled photography of dental casts Clinical comparisons Computer comparisons

19. Teeth Impressions Connect suspect to bite mark: