1. Mannomin – Research, Restoration, and Protection Allison Smart 1, Sara Friedline 2, Stephanie Ogren 1, Scott McNaught 2 1 Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Central Michigan University 2

3. Background on the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Located in Manistee, MI Bands that would become the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians were signatories of 1836 Treaty of Washington LRBOI reaffirmed by the federal government in 1994 Our Natural Resources Department has 3 divisions (Environmental, Fisheries and Wildlife) and 18 full time staff 1 of 5 CORA Tribes (LRBOI, LTBB, GTB, SSM, BMIC) Citizens have the right to hunt fish and gather within the 1836 ceded territories (2000 Great Lakes and 2007 Inland Consent Decrees)

4. What is Wild Rice and Where Does it Grow? It is a grass member of genus Zizania Found in wetlands, drowned river mouths, rivers and lakes Grows in stands, often with other native plants 4 species of wild rice and 2 of these species have 2 variety or sub species

5. Data from Dore 1969, Terrell 1997, Utah State University, and USDA

6. Annual species: Two Species with Two Variety (sub-species) Each (Dore 1969; Terrell 1997) Zizania palustris var interior var palustris Zizania aquatica var brevis var aquatica

7. Life Cycle of Annual Wild Rice

8. Why Does Wild Rice Matter? Non-Tribal Communities Ecology Tribal Communities

9. Why Does Wild Rice Matter? Tribal Communities Our Great Lakes Connection University of Wisconsin Extension 1985

10. Why Does Wild Rice Matter? Non-Tribal Communities Duck hunters Native plant Food (delicacy)

11. Why Does Wild Rice Matter? Ecology Habitat for a variety of organisms Supports other native plant species High nutrient uptake

12. Z. palustris v. Z aquatica Z. palustris Seed-head stem stiff Seed-head branches close together or ascending Basic measurements height : to 2 m (6.5 ft) leaf width: 3-21 mm (0.11-0.82 in) Z. aquatica var aquatica Seed- head stem flexible Seed head branches are many and spread apart Basic measurements – height: to 5m (16.4 ft) – leaf width: 10-75 mm (0.39-2.95 in)

13. How did LRBOI start its Wild Rice Program? Early 2000’s using CoF money to plant wild rice seed throughout the Manistee area Used seed from Minnesota Had restorations that didn’t really create harvestable stands Didn’t plant every year in same location, “throw seed and hope it grows plan” Wild Rice program moved from wildlife to aquatics in 2009. – Grant money needed to be spent. 1 st wild rice graduate student with CMU Fall 2009 2 nd wild rice graduate student with CMU Fall 2012 3 rd wild rice graduate student fall of 2015.

14. CMU 1 st Graduate Student Why does wild rice grow where it does in Michigan? Does Species Matter?

15. How did we try and answer it? Paired site study with a total of 36 sites (18 with Zizania spp. present, 18 nearby similar waterbody sites without Zizania spp. present) Measured a total of 24 variables including water chemistry, nutrients, sediment structure, land cover land use. Ran a PCA –Principal Components Analysis and found 2 significant axes (p < 0.0001) A.M. Smart. 2014. Ecological Requirements of Wild Rice in Michigan. Thesis. Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant Michigan

16. Does species matter?

17. A.M. Smart. 2014. Ecological Requirements of Wild Rice in Michigan. Thesis. Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant Michigan Z. palustris Z. aquatica

18. A.M. Smart. 2014. Ecological Requirements of Wild Rice in Michigan. Thesis. Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan

19. 2 nd CMU Graduate Student Genetic Structure and Morphometric Variation in MI wild rice populations

20. Friedline S.N. 2014 Genetic Structure and Morphometric Variations in Fragmented Michigan Wild Rice Populations. Central Michigan University.

21. 3rd CMU Graduate Student Influence of anthropogenic planting on the phylogeography of wild rice in Michigan

22. What are Current Wild Rice Concerns for LRBOI? Identification Location Protection Restoration Climate Change

23. A touch on what we are currently doing Funding – BIA GLRI Funds / Tribal Funds Depth Climate Change and Flashiness of systems Long term depth changes Preparing for planting Restoration locations – collaborating with local watershed groups and USFS Seed source locations - genetics Fish population composition New undertaking with new aquatic biologist - Josh Stand monitoring Density/area Water quality Track year to year differences in bed size at 3 locations Seed Toxicity Potential of uptake of arsenic, mercury and other metals to the seed High Natural Arsenic in the soils, used heavily also in the orchard industry. Health and welfare of Tribal Members

24. Protection Developing harvest regulations in Michigan Bring awareness to Michigan’s 2 species situation Prepare for Climate Change impacts Promote responsible harvest Make sure seeds are safe for consumption

25. Acknowledgements BIA Circle of Flight/GLRI Funding Central Michigan University Dr. Scott McNaught Dr. Brad Swanson Dr. Joanne Dannenhoffer Matthew Darling Sara Friedline Whitney Belaski Dr. Stephanie Ogren Dr. Marty Holtgren LRBOI Staff Dan Mays, Corey Jerome, Barry Weldon, Corey Wells, Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy Ottawa County Parks Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Notawaseppi Huron Band of Pottawatomi Lac Vieux Desert Tribe of Chippewa Indians Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians Bay Mills Indian Community

26. QUESTIONS?