1. Design Elements Chapter 9: Pattern and Texture

2. Pattern: Creating Visual Interest Pattern - the repetition of a design motif. Pattern can be intricate or simple. Humans are very interested in pattern and create it intentionally and unintentionally. Lots of pattern can create visual rhythm. Margaret Courtney-Clarke. Anna Mahlangu Painting Her Home for a Ceremonial Occasion. 1985. Photograph. Mabhokho, Kwandebele, South Africa.

3. Pattern: Order and Variety “Pattern begins with a unit of shape that is repeated.” “It is common to find patterns based on floral designs.” “Most patterns can be reduced to a grid…” Patterns are built on complex symmetries, repetitions, and rotations. M. C. Escher. Pattern Drawing (detail). Hexagon repeat. M. C. Escher ﾕ s Symmetry Drawing E94 © 2007 The M. C. Escher Company, Holland. All rights reserved. www.mcescher.com.

4. Texture and Pattern: Similarities and Differences “Texture is something we want to touch.” Texture is not a regular in repeating as a pattern. Texture is the surface quality of an object Areas of light and dark, shadow and glossiness, are what let us know that there is texture. Gretchen Belinger (fabric designer). Isadora (pleated silk fabric). 1981. From Contemporary Designers (London: St. James Press, 1990).

5. Craft Form Texture is especially important in the craft field. Jewelry, ceramics, furniture and fiber art rely on texture a lot! Texture is important in interior design. Chester Higgins. Egg vendor along commuter Betye Saar. The Time Inbetween. 1974. Wooden box containing photographs, magazine illustrations, paint, envelope, 3 1/2” x 11 5/8” x 8 1/8” (8.89 29.53 20.64 cm). San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (purchase). © Betye Saar.

6. Tactile Texture Two Types: * Tactile - can be felt. * Visual - can be seen. Impasto – Creating a painting using thick pigment which creates a rough, 3D surface that has texture. “Relief” painting brings tactile textures to a painting.

7. Tactile Textures Texture - Painting on Canvas As the need for illusionism in painting faded, texture in painting became more common. Van Gogh was one of the first artists to use actual texture on his canvases Vincent van Gogh. Portrait of the Artist. 1889. Oil on canvas, 65 54.5 cm. Musée d’Orsay, Paris. Wharton Esherick. Esherick House. Wharton Esherick

8. Tactile Texture: The Next Step Relief Painting Using both value, light and dark, and textured materials on a canvas to create a painting that stands out from its canvas. Thornton Dial. Contaminated Drifting Blues. 1994. Desiccated cat, driftwood, aluminum cans, glass bottle, found metal, canvas, enamel, spray paint, industrial sealing compound on surplus plywood, 5’ 7” x 4’ 1” 1’ 5 1/s” (170 124 x 44 cm). Collection of William S. Arnett.

9. Tactile Texture Texture in Architecture Texture created by surrounding environment can play a very important role in architecture.

10. Tactile Texture Collage - Creating a design by cutting and pasting bits of cloth, paper, and other materials. Why Collage? Collage is an excellent medium for beginners. Because of the materials used, it saves the artists the time and effort of trying to recreate the desired texture. Forms can be altered and reshaped quickly and easy. Parts and hence the composition can be easily tested and altered. Mary Bauermeister. Progressions. 1963. Pebbles and sand on four plywood panes, 4’ 3 1/4” x 3’ 11 3/8” x 4 3/4” (130.1 x 120.4 x 12 cm). The Museum of Modern Art, New York (Matthew T. Mellon Foundation Fund).

11. Tactile Texture: Using Found Materials Folk Art - one of the oldest forms of collage. Often uses found materials. Folk art is not limited by the academic conventions of what is “appropriate materials”. Bottlecap Giraffe. c. 1966. Bottle caps on painted wood with marbles and animal hair and fur, 6 ‘1/2” x 4’ 6” x 1’ 5 1/2” (184.2 x 137.2 x 44.5 cm). Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C. (gift of Herbert Waide Hemphill, Jr., and Museum Purchase made possible by Ralph Cross Johnson).

12. Visual Texture: Visual Impression Visual Texture - Making the viewer see texture where there is none. “One of the pleasures of still-life painting is the contrast of visual textures.” Pick objects that have different textures to add interest to a piece. Kurt Kauper. Diva Project #12. 1999. Deitch Projects, New York.

13. Texture as a Design Element Sometimes you can create images without subject matter or pictorial reference. Exploration with a Pencil. 1940. Pencil, gouache, and metallic paint, 1’ 1 7/8” x 1’ 5 1/2” (35.8 x 44.4 cm). The Museum of Modern Art, New York (gift of Mrs. Marjorie Falk).

14. Visual Texture Trompe L’Oeil French Term – To Fool the Eye Also defined as “Deceptive Painting” The picture and object are so realistic that the viewer is momentarily fooled Even with photography Trompe L’Oeil is still popular. Ralph Goings. Sugar Shaker. 2002. Oil on canvas, 2’ 11” x 2’ 8” (40.64 x 50.8 cm). OK Harris Works of Art, New York.

15. Trompe L’oeil in Sculpture, Painting, and Architecture Artists working in this area often use contrasting textures. Marilyn Levine. Thom’s Jacket. 1989. Ceramic and mixed media, 2’ 10 3/4” x 1’ 11” x 5” (88 x 58 x 13 cm). OK Harris Works of Art, New York.