1. Essential Question: How did World War I change Europe and the world?

2. Activating Strategy

3. Based on our activating strategy, we know there were significant changes in Europe following 1914. What happened?

4. World War I

5. Standards: SS6H7a.Describe major developments following World War I: the Russian Revolution, the Treaty of Versailles, worldwide depression, and the rise of Nazism SS6H6d. Explain the impact of European building in Africa and Asia on the outbreak of WWI.

6. Causes of World War I "The Great War was without precedent... never had so many nations taken up arms at a single time. Never had the battlefield been so vast…never had the fighting been so gruesome..."

7. Causes of World War I Activity

8. Use the MAIN Graphic Organizer to take notes

9. Causes of World War I M ilitarism – building up armed forces, getting ready for war A lliances – agreements or promises to defend and help another country I mperialism – trying to build up an empire (powerful country that controls several less powerful countries N ationalism – having pride in your country, willing to defend it

10. Militarism Countries had built strong armies and navies to defend their own countries and their colonies. Tensions built as countries watched each other build up military power.

11. Militarism Can you think of any recent examples of militarism?

12. European countries had joined alliances to better protect themselves. If one member was attacked, the others were obligated to help that country. Alliances

13. How could Germany’s location in Europe be a problem for them?

14. Germany’s problem was that it was in the middle of Europe. Being in the middle made it vulnerable if it came to war. To solve its problem, Germany and other countries formed alliances.

15. By 1914, Europe was divided into two massive alliances.

16. Distributed Summarizing With a seat partner, discuss a time in your life when an alliance (with a friend, family member, or someone else) has caused problems.

17. Rivalries developed as countries tried to grab colonies. Conflicts had occurred over control of colonies in Africa and Asia. European countries resented and distrusted each other. Imperialism

18. Pride in one’s country; nations sought their own interests over others. Many groups wanted to be free from the control of other nations. Nationalism

19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njINCi9iIrA What sparked it all?

20. The events that followed… Because of the assignation of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June of 1914 by a Serbian, the emperor of Austria- Hungary declared war on Serbia. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

21. The events that followed… Russia sent troops to defend Serbia because Russia had a treaty with Serbia. Russia supported Serbia because they were both of a similar ethnic backgrounds. Russia sent troops to defend Serbia Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

22. The events that followed… Since Germany had a treaty with Austria- Hungary, Germany declared war on Russia. Germany declared war on Russia Russia sent troops to defend Serbia Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

23. The events that followed… France had a treaty with Russia so Germany declared war against France. Germany declared war on France Germany declared war on Russia Russia sent troops to defend Serbia Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

24. The events that followed… And so the war begins! Germany declared war on France Germany declared war on Russia Russia sent troops to defend Serbia Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

25. The Central powers Austria-Hungary Germany Turkey (Ottoman Empire) The Allied Powers Russia France United Kingdom Italy United States

27. Some of the Technological Advances from WWI Aircraft Machine Gun TankFlamethrower

28. Distributed Summarizing Could World War I have been prevented? Why or why not? Would we have had the technological advances without WWI?

29. Major Developments Following World War I

30. Use the Major Developments in Europe Following WWI Timeline

31. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=KZbho6AsBOc Cartoon Video Clip about the Russian Revolution

32. Why did the Russian Revolution occur? For many years before World War I, Russian citizens had suffered under the rule of Tsar (leader) Nicholas II. The ruling class held the country’s wealth, and the people barely had enough food to eat. Russia fought on the side of the Allies in World War I and suffered terrible losses. By 1917, Russians were tired of food shortages, freezing from coal shortages, and exhausted by war.

33. What happened to Russia after the Russian Revolution? Workers united against the Russian ruler, overthrew the monarchy, and killed Nicholas and his family. A revolutionary group seized power and established the Soviet Union as a communist country.

34. Distributed Summarizing With a partner, describe in your own words the Russian Revolution and how it changed Russia.

35. The War is Over! The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I. What is a treaty?

36. Examining the Treaty of Versailles Activity In small groups, students will examine components of the real treaty to determine the actual decisions that were made. Other groups will examine Germany’s response to the treaty.

37. Examining the Treaty of Versailles Activity If you could use one word to describe the Treaty of Versailles, what would the word be and why? Share your word with an elbow partner. Do you agree with the Treaty of Versailles? Explain why. Share your thoughts with an elbow partner.

38. Treaty of Versailles Requirements (add requirements of the treaty to the Major Developments sheet) It forced Germany to accept responsibility for causing the war It required Germany to pay reparations (payments) to other countries for their losses and damage It required Germany to give up 1 million square miles of land (size of Alaska and Texas combined) much of which was rich in natural resources (Why does this matter?) It required Germany to limit its armed forces

39. Treaty of Versailles Effects (add requirements of the treaty to the Major Developments sheet) Germans greatly resented the restrictions put on it by the Treaty of Versailles. Germans began to rise up in protest as economic conditions worsened. Germany also became isolated from and distrusted by other countries.

40. Look at the political cartoons below. With an elbow partner, discuss how these represent the Treaty of Versailles. Indemnity means reparation or payment.

41. Treaty of Versailles Copy & Continue Writing Assignment

42. The World After World War I

43. After World War I, the world economy slipped into a worldwide depression. A depression is a time where business is bad and people lose their jobs. Soldiers came home needing jobs, but there were not enough. Unemployment skyrocketed. (Listen to “Stony Broke in No Man’s Land”)“Stony Broke in No Man’s Land”) After World War I

44. European countries were in bad shape because they had suffered great loss of life and property damage. Additionally, European countries had borrowed money to pay for war costs and now had no money to repay their debts. Countries experienced Inflation where their money couldn’t buy as much as it used to buy because it had lost value. How did that affect people? In 1929, the stock market crash in the United States crippled the already struggling economies. Worldwide depression

45. Industry, shipping, and trade between countries were affected Unrest and nationalism grew, people wanted strong leadership to make their countries rich and powerful again After WWI and Worldwide Depression

46. Image you are living in Germany after World War I. The world is in the middle of a depression. You do not have enough food, you do not have a job, and you do not believe the leaders of your country can improve the situation. On top of that, your country, the place where you were born and have lived all of your life is being blamed and punished for World War I. Watch a video clip of Hitler delivering a speech years later.video clip of Hitler Now, read Adolf Hitler’s speech on the Treaty of Versailles in 1923. Why do you think the German people followed Hitler?

47. Rise of Nazism Background: The democratic government in Germany after World War I (Weimar Republic) faced major problems A political party called the Nazi Party attracted the attention of dissatisfied Germans The Nazi Party’s leader, Adolf Hitler, described ideas to strengthen Germany Hitler also believed that Aryans (Germans) were the “master race”; he had racist feelings about Jews, Slavs, gypsies, and blacks The Nazi Party believed in a strong central government controlled by the military and run by a dictator

48. Why Nazism grew Nazis offered solutions for Germany’s economic problems Nazis appealed to German nationalism by calling for a larger military and an increase in German territory (violation of Treaty of Versailles) Nazis united Germans against Jews by blaming them for the problems Nazis assured Germans they could protect them from enemies Nazis organized groups to threaten anyone who opposed them so few spoke out

49. Distributed Summarizing: The political cartoon shows Adolf Hitler “climbing out” of the Treaty of Versailles. Turn to a seat partner and discuss what is meant by the cartoon.

50. Listen to the National Public Radio story about Germany making its last reparation payment in September 2010. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/ story.php?storyId=130232809

51. Summarizing Strategy Imagine that you are living in Europe during the 1900s, but you have other family members living on another continent. Write a postcard to your relatives describing the events that you have witnessed from 1913 to 1920. Include World War I and its MAIN causes, the Russian Revolution, economic depression, and the rise of Nazism.