1. Conditionals Conditionals are patterns expressing the relationship between two actions, where one action is the reason, or the occasion, for the other.

2. If you heat ice, it melts. Ice melts if you heat it.

3. Zero conditional A general rule The condition is or could be repeatedly fulfilled. If you press this button, the engine stops.

4. First conditional It refers to the future The condition may or may not be fulfilled. If it rains, I’ll wear a hat.

5. Second conditional It refers to the future It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled. If I saw a lion, I’d run away.

6. Third conditional It refers to the past The condition was not fulfilled. If I had woken up earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the bus.

7. The order of the clauses affects emphasis, not intrinsic meaning. If she rings tomorrow, I’ll let you know. I'll let you know if she rings tomorrow. Sentence Order

8. Each conditional verb form has a base form consisting of a combination of tenses which is characteristic. Form

9. This is what you should have: Zero – present + present First – present + will Second – past + would Third – Past perfect + would have

10. We can also categorize conditionals as real and unreal conditionals.

11. Real Conditionals Use normal tenses Refer to things we think are true or likely Zero and first conditionals are real conditionals.

12. Unreal Conditionals Use unreal past tenses Refer to things we think are untrue or unlikely Second and third conditionals are unreal conditionals.

13. False ( mixed ) Conditionals If you don’t like the Opera, why are you here? If you didn’t like the film, you should have left. They often mix time references. The speaker knows that the condition has already been fulfilled.

14. Exclusive conditionals As/so long as you promise not to tell, you can come too. You can come in on condition that you don’t stay long.

15. You can drive this car provided/providing (that) you’re fully sober. Suppose/supposing something goes wrong, what then? We’ll buy it if and when our income improves.

16. I think I’ll accept it, assuming the offer’s still there. Mario can’t come with us, even if he is your best friend.

17. If only we’d got there sooner, the accident would never have happened. Unless Peter changes his attitude, he’s going to find himself in trouble.

18. Conditionals without conditional words Past conditional structure The condition is understood: ‘if things had been different’

19. We’d have been completely lost without you. You should have come – you’d have loved it. The film would have been just as effective in black and white