2. The Berlin Crisis (the Berlin Wall)

3. Berlin Crisis (the Berlin Wall)

4. Cuban Missile Crisis Photos taken by a U.S. spy plane reveal missiles in Cuba The Soviets were using the U.S. defeat at the Bay of Pigs as a chance to assert their power They place offensive nuclear missiles in Cuba

7. Kennedy’s Options Further negotiations with Khrushchev –Allows them to continue building missile sites –Makes Kennedy look weak Full invasion of Cuba –Gets rid of the missiles –Overthrows Castro

8. Kennedy’s Options Blockade of Cuba –Prevents more missiles being put in Cuba –Forces Khrushchev to back off or take aggressive action Bomb the missile sites –This knocks out the missiles –Would the Soviets strike back? The Joint Chiefs want to attack Cuba Kennedy does not

9.  Acheson: “I know the Soviet Union well. I know what they are required to do in the light of their history and their posture around the world. I think they will knock out our missile in Turkey.”  An advisor: “Well, then what do we do?”  Acheson: “I believe under our NATO treaty…we would be required to resopond by knocking out a missile base inside the Soviet Union.”  Another advisor: “Then what do we do?”  Acheson: “That’s when we hope that cooler heads will prevail, and they’ll stop and talk.”

13. Kennedy’s Decision Monday, October 22, Kennedy addresses the nation –He puts the armed forces on full scale alert –Orders a naval quarantine of Cuba October 25, one ship is stopped and allowed to continue the rest turn around October 26, Khrushchev sends Kennedy a letter and pledges: –Russia will remove the missiles if –U.S. must end quarantine and vow not to invade Cuba

14. Kennedy’s Decision October 27, Khrushchev sends another note demanding we get rid of our missiles in Turkey –Kennedy ignores second note and accepts the first note –He agrees to get rid of missiles in Turkey through secret negotiations

16. Outcomes of the Crisis This is the closest that the world has ever come to full out nuclear war A “hot line” is established between leaders to allow them to communicate if this happens again Limited Test Ban Treaty – bans all testing of nuclear weapons above ground