1. Please sit in your assigned seat, and quietly follow the directions below: Answer the following question on a sheet of notebook paper, or in your Bell Ringer notebook: Imagine you are given an assignment to create a proposal that will fix the social problems of America (poverty, hunger, homelessness, etc.). Give five major points for your plan. Make sure to EXPLAIN your points.

2. The Right to Vote Chapter 18 USHC Standard 4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the industrial development and the consequences of that development on society and politics during the second half of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century. USHC 4.5: Explain the causes and effects of urbanization in the late nineteenth-century America, including the movement from farm to city, the changing immigration patterns, the rise of ethnic neighborhoods, the role of political machines, and the migration of African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West.

3. The Progressive Movement 1890-1920: The Progressive Era Progressivism: a collection of different ideas and activities to fix American society Progressives generally believed: – Industrialization and urbanization had created many social problems – The government should take more responsibility for these problems

4. The Progressive Movement After seeing the poverty of the working class and the filth and crime of urban society, these reformers began to doubt the free market’s ability to address those problems. Progressives believed the government had to be fixed in order to fix society’s problems. Progressives believed science and technology would be able to solve the United States’ social problems.

5. The Progressive Movement Examples of Progressive Groups: – The Muckrakers: a group of crusading journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption – Efficiency Progressives: a group focusing on making government more efficient; they believed many problems in society could be solved if government worked properly

6. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

7. Upton Sinclair – The Jungle inspired TR to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act + the FDA Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives (immigrants and tenement housing)

8. The Progressive President Teddy Roosevelt Progressivism reaches the national level “Bully pulpit” Required coal mine owners negotiate with workers Legislation increasing powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission over railroads Government regulation of corporations “trust-buster” Pure Food and Drug Act/Meat Inspection Act National Parks-conservation

9. The Progressive Movement Other advancements of Progressives: – Laboratory of Democracy: governor of Wisconsin Robert La Follette pushed political parties to hold direct primaries, where all party members voted for candidates, instead of one party boss picking the candidate – Initiative: allowed a group of citizens to introduce legislation and required the legislature to vote on it – Referendum: allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to voters for approval – Recall: allowed voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official from office before his or her term had expired – Clayton Anti-Trust Act (Rights of Labor), 16 th Amendment (Progressive Income Tax), 17 th Amendment (Direct Election of Senators)

10. The Suffrage Movement

11. The Progressive Movement The Suffrage Movement : – Suffrage: the right to vote – The movement for women’s voting rights became known as the Suffrage Movement – The 14 th and 15 th amendments, introduced by Republicans after the Civil War, protected the voting rights of African Americans – Carrie Chapman Catt-National American Women’s Suffrage Association & Alice Paul-National Women’s Party (Campaigned for ERA in 1920s) – National Association of Colored Women – States began granting women voting rights around 1912; earlier in the West like Wyoming (1869) – By 1916, Congress began to favor a constitutional amendment

12. The Progressive Movement The House of Representatives passed a woman suffrage amendment in 1918, but it failed in the Senate In 1919, after mid-term elections, the Senate finally passed the Nineteenth Amendment On August 26, 1920, after ¾ of the states ratified it, the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteed women the right to vote

13. The Progressive Movement Other Progressive Ideas: Child Labor Laws: research done by progressives on the effects of child labor convinced states to pass laws against it (Wilson-1 st federal Child Labor Act however, unconstitutional by SC) Jane Addams-Settlement House movement (Hull House) where immigrants could receive vocational training and receive child care

15. Health and Safety Codes: progressives joined union leaders to push for workers’ compensation laws

16. Prohibition: many progressives pressed for laws banning manufacture, sale and consumption of alcohol

17. The Progressive Movement Progressives believed in more government interference in the economy, in order to distribute wealth they felt was unfairly concentrated in the hands of too few people The most extreme progressives advocated for socialism, the idea that the government should own and operate industry for the community as a whole Slowed and Ended with WWI

18. Please answer the following question on the same notebook paper you used for the Bell Ringer (or in your Bell Ringer notebook): Capitalism: an economic system where production and distribution are performed for profit; private ownership; the right to set prices and wages; and the right to control property and determine how it is used, sold, or rented. In this system, the role of government is to ensure free markets and open competition, as well as to protect individual rights. Socialism: a political and economic theory that emphasizes common ownership and cooperative management of production and resources, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole. Which government theology do you agree with? WHY?