1. East Asia China acts as a cultural hearth in East Asia. Most of the region’s nations have, at one time, been controlled by China or influenced by its culture

2. China

3. Early Civilization China was ruled by powerful families called dynasties. The head of the dynasty was called the emperor. China has a history of invasions. In 215 B.C., the Great Wall was built (1500 miles) for protection, but did not work

5. Europeans Arrive China is isolated until Europeans, like Marco Polo, arrive in 1200s In 1800s, European powers seek access to Chinese markets – Treaties force weak China to give Europeans privileges Chinese anger over outside control leads to 1900 Boxer Rebellion – Chinese militants kill Europeans, Chinese Christians – stopped by multinational force

7. Communist Revolution Nationalist Party took over the government in 1912, making the country a republic (Chiang Kai-shek) 1920s-1930s the Communist Party grows in power (Mao Zedong) Civil War between the Nationalists and Communists until the Communists win in 1949 – In 1949 the Communists set up the People’s Republic of China – The nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan creating the Republic of China

8. Economy China is largely rural society, agriculturally self-sufficient Only 13% of land is suitable for farming During communism, industrial growth stunted – 1980s markets open and economy grows

9. Population Patterns One-fifth of world’s people live in China – population is about 1.3 billion 70% of people live in 12 eastern provinces – in west, 6% of nation’s people live on 55% of its land

10. Mongolia

11. Government Mongols are nomadic herders until Genghis Khan conquers Central Asia Mongolia becomes Communist in 1924 – remains Communist until 1989 fall of USSR Mongolia now moving toward democracy

12. Economy Many herd, manage livestock (sheep, goats, camels, horses, cattle) Developing industries while making difficult shift to market economy – Soviets guided economy for 70 years, state owned factories

14. Taiwan

15. History and Culture Japanese take Taiwan (Formosa) in 1895 after victory over China Chinese Nationalists lose to Communists, flee to island in 1949 – establish Republic of China; not recognized by China Population and culture is almost exclusively Chinese Most speak official language of Northern Chinese (Mandarin)

16. North and South Korea

17. History China and Japan conquer Korea throughout history – Japan conquers Korea in 1910, rules until WWII defeat in 1945 After WWII: – NK controlled by USSR – SK controlled by U.S. In 1950, NK troops invade SK, begin Korean War – 1953 treaty ends war, divides peninsula NK is Communist state, SK is democracy – two nations remain hostile – reunification discussions have begun

18. Culture Korea adopts many philosophical, religious ideas from China – Confucian, Buddhist influences Both North and South Korea build huge armies after WWII Danger of war always looms— 2 million troops on both sides of border

20. Japan Japan is the economic giant of East Asia

21. Ancient Japan Ruled by clans In 1192, after a clan struggle, emperor creates shogun position – shogun—general of emperor’s army with military dictator powers – controls officials, judges, armies; picks governors

22. World Power By the early 20th century, Japan is a major power Expanding empire puts Japan’s interests in conflict with U.S U.S. occupies Japan; brings political, economic reforms Japan becomes democracy – constitutional monarchy with emperor and elected parliament

23. Economy Post-war economic boom makes Japan’s economy second in size to U.S 75% live in cities; 60% live on 2.7% of land Japan imports resources to manufacture products for export – exports autos, electronics, computers

25. Western Influences Popular sports are baseball, golf, sumo wrestling, soccer, tennis Most clothes are Western; traditional clothes for special occasions Western music is popular, including rock, classical, jazz – younger Japanese form rock bands Japan balances its own traditional styles with Western influences

26. Education Highly structured educational system – students in school six days a week; six weeks of summer vacation – six years of elementary, three of junior high, three of high school Japan has more than 1,000 universities and technical schools