1. The Cold War US History

2. The Cold War After World War II ended, the relationship between the US and Soviets fell apart.

4. The Cold War Both sides distrusted each other and both had nuclear weapons.

5. The Cold War After the Soviets failed to release their territory Truman released the Truman Doctrine that supports “free people” resisting communism.

6. Truman Doctrine This resulted in a policy of “containment” that sought to lay siege to communism and keep other countries from becoming communist - fighting the “domino effect.”

7. NATO vs. Warsaw Pact By the mid 1950s, two powerful military alliances, NATO and the Warsaw Pact, were facing each other in Europe. NATO: UK, France, W. Germany, Italy, etc. Warsaw Pact: USSR, Poland, E. Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, etc.

8. Marshall Plan Pumped 12 billion dollars into Europe to get it rebuilt and keep it from turning communist.

10. Marshall Plan Also granted citizenship to 300,000 displaced Europeans.

11. NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

13. THE COLD WAR

14. Around the World... Communism’s message (believed by the poor) spread where capitalism had failed - into Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The US aided nations, some of them unwilling, in fighting Communism.

15. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy Berlin Airlift (1948-49)- Soviets block access to west Berlin. Truman orders supplies airlifted. *2.3 million tons of supplies

16. (1949)- Mao Zedong leads Communist takeover in China (rival to Soviet Union) REACTION: Increased fears of communist domination U.S. spent $3 million in support of Nationalist, Chiang Kai-shek, only to have failed! Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy

17. NSC-68: U.S. National Security Report, 1950 *emphasizes Soviet aggression *calls for massive U.S. military buildup (Virginia economy benefits more than any other— Hampton Roads and Northern Virginia) Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy “The U.S.S.R.’s desire for World Domination requires not only to this Republic but civilization itself take a stand”

18. (June, 1950) Communist North Korea invades across the 38 th parallel, attacking democratic South Korea Apply Cold War policy: What should be the main objective in the Korean War? Korean War (1950-1953):

19. Korea In Korea, the nation split in half, communist to the north and capitalist to the south. Then, in June 1950, North Koreans invaded the South.

21. Korea The United Nations (mainly the US but 15 other nations) go to South Korea to stop them. The Chinese, fresh from a communist revolution of their own, aid the North. Fighting last a year until both sides entrench along the 38th Parallel - fighting is similar to WWI. In 1953, the sides declare a truce and split the country.

22. U.N. troops Led by Douglas MacArthur

49. The Korean War was the first armed conflict the US fought with a desegregated military.

52. Korean War The Korean War costs the US $22 billion and 54,000 dead soldiers and 100,000 wounded. 2.5 million Koreans died.

56. Back at Home... The GI Bill helped vets buy homes and get an education. 3 million new homes were built in the “suburbs” between 1948 and 1958.

58. Back at Home... 76.4 million “baby boomers” were born between 1946 and 1964. A new invention, the television, sold 4 million sets in 1950.

60. McCarthyism Fueled by the “Red Scare,” congressman Joe McCarthy began investigating the movies, media, and ordinary Americans in the House Un- American Activities Committee.

61. Truman’s Presidency Truman’s “Fair Deal” sought to further the steps taken by FDR’s New Deal. Made civil rights proposals that were far ahead of his time.

62. Eisenhower 1952 - General Eisenhower elected President. He then boosts the military and nuclear forces by encouraging economic investment in the “military-industrial complex.”

63. Fear Fears rose that the Soviet Union and the US might have a global nuclear war. In the US, school children even practice bomb drills.

64. Brinkmanship Instead of fighting unpopular, expensive wars, Eisenhower thought it would be better to threaten massive retaliation. Eisenhower seemed willing to go to the brink of nuclear war to force the Communists to back down.

75. Sputnik The Soviets shock the world on October 4, 1957 by launching Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth.

76. Sputnik In response to Sputnik, Congress created NASA and the National Defense Education Act.

77. Federal Highway Act The largest public works program in American history, it appropriated $25 billion to construct 40,000 miles of interstate highways.