1. The Principles of Design

2. The Relationship of the Elements and Principles of Design
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
Line
Texture
Color
Shape
Pattern
Balance
Proportion
Rhythm
Emphasis
Harmony
Great Design
To create
TOOLS
RULES

3. Emphasis Proportion (Scale) Rhythm Balance Harmony
5 Principles of Design
Emphasis Proportion (Scale) Rhythm Balance Harmony

4. Proportion Also referred to as scale
How lines, shapes, colors, textures, and patterns divide the space, garment, or outfit into parts.
Involves the relationship of one part or space compared to another part or space, compared to the whole garment, and to the body.

5. Proportion
A garment is generally more interesting and pleasing if divided into uneven or unequal parts, and if the parts are in scale with the body.
Uneven ratios are more similar to natural body proportions and less obvious than even ratios.

6. Proportion= Ratios 1 2 4 3 1 to 3 ratio
Any fashion can be divided into parts and compared, which creates a ratio.
Draw visual lines across the design to begin to find the proportion.
Where there is a line, color, texture or shape change begin the first part of your ratio.
The second part of the ratio is the remaining part of the outfit. 1 3 2
1 to 3 ratio 4

7. Mark the Proportion 1 1 1 1 2 3

8. Natural Proportion
With the waist as the dividing line, the body’s ratio averages two parts above the waist and three parts below the waist or (2:3).
Garment proportions that are harmonious with the body do not reveal nor emphasize body variations in proportion.
Clothing proportions can be manipulated using the elements of design to visually alter proportions.

9. Natural & Altered Proportion

10. Emphasis
A dominant focal point or center of interest in a garment or outfit created by the use of line, shape, color, texture, and/or pattern.
A point for the eye to rest on for a period of time.
An outfit without a dominant point of interest appears uninteresting, boring, and unfinished.

11. Too Much Emphasis
Two or more dominant areas of emphasis, are distracting and confusing.
Other points of interest may be present… but less obvious and the eye doesn’t rest there and returns to the dominant point.

12. Examples of Emphasis

13. Proportion and Emphasis Assignment
Design an outfit that is either out of proportion/scale or in proportion and also has a main focal point/emphasis.
Sketch the outfit (using a croquis)
Color the outfit.
Glue into your smash book.
Write 3-4 sentences describing your outfit and how it uses scale/proportion and emphasis in the design.

14. The Principles of Design

15. Balance
The parts of a design are arranged so they achieve a feeling of rest and equilibrium
Refers to how lines, shapes, colors, textures, and patterns are used to break up an area or space into parts
The 2 types of balance are Symmetrical & Asymmetrical

16. Symmetrical Balance
Sides are exactly the same or a mirror image of each other
Gives a professional look
Referred to as formal balance.

17. Symmetrical Examples

18. Asymmetrical Balance
The design is balanced, but each side is different in some way
This type of balance tends to draw attention to a particular area
Referred to as informal balance

19. Asymmetrical Examples

20. Rhythm Refers to how attention is led around the outfit
Rhythm is achieved when the elements of design and accessories are arranged to lead the viewer’s eye easily from one part of the garment to another.
There are 5 types of Rhythm. Repetition, Gradation, Radiation, Transition, and Opposition

21. Rhythm by Repetition
Line, shape, color, texture, or pattern is repeated
Examples: Row of buttons, trim on collar and cuffs, same color used, stripes, etc.

22. Examples of Rhythm by Repetition

23. Rhythm by Gradation
Gradual change in elements of design within the design.
The change must be small or a jumpy, choppy effect will result.
Example: The ombre effect

24. Examples of Rhythm by Gradation

25. Rhythm by Radiation
The elements of design go outward from a central point or area.

26. Examples of Rhythm by Radiation

27. Rhythm by Transition
Continuous line movement created by a line of shapes, colors, or textural trims.
Examples: princess seam lines or contrasting piping or trim going from the collar down around the hemline.

28. Examples of Rhythm by Transition

29. Rhythm by Opposition
Elements of Design alternating 2 or more lines, shapes, colors, or textures causing contrast or opposing details in a design.
Examples: Stripes or Complementary Colors or sheer and opaque fabrics.

30. Examples of Rhythm by Opposition

31. Balance and Rhythm Assignment
Find a picture of an outfit that demonstrates each of the following: (7 pictures total)
Symmetrical balance
Asymmetrical balance
Gradation
Opposition
Radiation
Repetition
Transition
Glue pictures into your smash book and then describe/justify HOW each picture demonstrates that particular form of balance or rhythm.

32. The Principles of Design

33. Harmony
Refers to the use of the elements of design with enough variety to avoid boredom, but not so much variety as to create conflict.
VARIETY (Things that are different) – when the differences create interest
UNITY (Things that are alike)– when the outfit has a sense of completeness and nothing is missing, left out or undone.
Both can be overdone, the key is to balance both to achieve harmony.

34. How is Harmony achieved?
Unity: Repetition of red and black
Variety: Texture below the skirt, flower above

35. How is Harmony achieved?
Unity – gray throughout, fitted, repeating lines
Variety – bows add interest, slit in front

36. How is Harmony achieved?
Unity: neutral colors, vertical lines, brown repeated in shoes
Variety: belt-horizontal line, texture in sweater vest

37. Harmony Assignment
Your best friend is getting married and has no idea what to wear for their engagement pictures.
Design 1 outfit on Polyvore for them and their fiancée (or fiancé) to wear for their engagement pictures. Incorporate the principle of harmony (unity and variety) for each outfit.
Print off the collage, glue into your smash book and then describe how you used unity and variety to create a harmonious outfit.