Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand Eibe Frank WEKA: A Machine Learning Toolkit The Explorer Classification and Regression.

Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand Eibe Frank WEKA: A Machine Learning Toolkit The Explorer Classification and Regression Clustering Association Rules Attribute Selection Data Visualization The Experimenter The Knowledge Flow GUI Conclusions Machine Learning with WEKA

2016/7/10University of Waikato2 WEKA: the bird Copyright: Martin Kramer (mkramer@wxs.nl)

2016/7/10University of Waikato3 WEKA: the software Machine learning/data mining software written in Java (distributed under the GNU Public License) Used for research, education, and applications Complements “Data Mining” by Witten & Frank Main features:  Comprehensive set of data pre-processing tools, learning algorithms and evaluation methods  Graphical user interfaces (incl. data visualization)  Environment for comparing learning algorithms

2016/7/10University of Waikato4 WEKA: versions There are several versions of WEKA:  WEKA 3.0: “book version” compatible with description in data mining book  WEKA 3.2: “GUI version” adds graphical user interfaces (book version is command-line only)  WEKA 3.3: “development version” with lots of improvements This talk is based on the latest snapshot of WEKA 3.3 (soon to be WEKA 3.4)

2016/7/10University of Waikato5 @relation heart-disease-simplified @attribute age numeric @attribute sex { female, male} @attribute chest_pain_type { typ_angina, asympt, non_anginal, atyp_angina} @attribute cholesterol numeric @attribute exercise_induced_angina { no, yes} @attribute class { present, not_present} @data 63,male,typ_angina,233,no,not_present 67,male,asympt,286,yes,present 67,male,asympt,229,yes,present 38,female,non_anginal,?,no,not_present... WEKA only deals with “flat” files

2016/7/10University of Waikato6 @relation heart-disease-simplified @attribute age numeric @attribute sex { female, male} @attribute chest_pain_type { typ_angina, asympt, non_anginal, atyp_angina} @attribute cholesterol numeric @attribute exercise_induced_angina { no, yes} @attribute class { present, not_present} @data 63,male,typ_angina,233,no,not_present 67,male,asympt,286,yes,present 67,male,asympt,229,yes,present 38,female,non_anginal,?,no,not_present... WEKA only deals with “flat” files

2016/7/10University of Waikato7

2016/7/10University of Waikato10 Explorer: pre-processing the data Data can be imported from a file in various formats: ARFF, CSV, C4.5, binary Data can also be read from a URL or from an SQL database (using JDBC) Pre-processing tools in WEKA are called “filters” WEKA contains filters for:  Discretization, normalization, resampling, attribute selection, transforming and combining attributes, …

2016/7/10University of Waikato12 1 2

2016/7/10University of Waikato32 Explorer: building “classifiers” Classifiers in WEKA are models for predicting nominal or numeric quantities Implemented learning schemes include:  Decision trees and lists, instance-based classifiers, support vector machines, multi-layer perceptrons, logistic regression, Bayes’ nets, … “Meta”-classifiers include:  Bagging, boosting, stacking, error-correcting output codes, locally weighted learning, …

2016/7/10University of Waikato61 Node 0 Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5

2016/7/10University of Waikato65 2 3 1

2016/7/10University of Waikato73 ROC curve

2016/7/10University of Waikato75 Use a numeric attribute as output

2016/7/10University of Waikato78 1 2 M5 Model trees and rules: Combines a decision tree with linear regression Use M5P to predict petal length of a iris flower

2016/7/10University of Waikato79 Generate 3 models 1 2 3 Model 1 Model 2 Model 3

2016/7/10University of Waikato80 Linear Model 1 Linear Model 2 Linear Model 3

2016/7/10University of Waikato81 right click “Visualize classifier error”

2016/7/10University of Waikato83 Click a data point to show the data window

2016/7/10University of Waikato87 Explorer: clustering data WEKA contains “clusterers” for finding groups of similar instances in a dataset Implemented schemes are:  k-Means, EM, Cobweb, X-means, FarthestFirst Clusters can be visualized and compared to “true” clusters (if given) Evaluation based on log likelihood if clustering scheme produces a probability distribution

2016/7/10University of Waikato92 1 3 2

2016/7/10University of Waikato93 Enter 3 clusters

2016/7/10University of Waikato98 Right click

2016/7/10University of Waikato101 Explorer: finding associations WEKA contains an implementation of the Apriori algorithm for learning association rules  Works only with discrete data Can identify statistical dependencies between groups of attributes:  milk, butter  bread, eggs (with confidence 0.9 and support 2000) Apriori can compute all rules that have a given minimum support and exceed a given confidence

2016/7/10University of Waikato104 Load vote data set

2016/7/10University of Waikato108 Expand the Window

2016/7/10University of Waikato109 minimum confidence = 0.9 minimum support = 0.45 Change parameters 2 10 rules

2016/7/10University of Waikato110 minimum confidence minimum support Set number of rules=15

2016/7/10University of Waikato111 15 rules

2016/7/10University of Waikato112 Explorer: attribute selection Panel that can be used to investigate which (subsets of) attributes are the most predictive ones Attribute selection methods contain two parts:  A search method: best-first, forward selection, random, exhaustive, genetic algorithm, ranking  An evaluation method: correlation-based, wrapper, information gain, chi-squared, … Very flexible: WEKA allows (almost) arbitrary combinations of these two

2016/7/10University of Waikato121 Explorer: data visualization Visualization very useful in practice: e.g. helps to determine difficulty of the learning problem WEKA can visualize single attributes (1D) and pairs of attributes (2D)  To do: rotating 3D visualizations (Xgobi-style) Color-coded class values “Jitter” option to deal with nominal attributes (and to detect “hidden” data points) “Zoom-in” function

2016/7/10University of Waikato122 Load Glass data set 1 2

2016/7/10University of Waikato124 1 2 Change PointSize

2016/7/10University of Waikato126 1 2 Change PlotSize

2016/7/10University of Waikato127 PlotSize is changed

2016/7/10University of Waikato128 Double click to enlarge

2016/7/10University of Waikato131 Zoom-in 1 2

2016/7/10University of Waikato135 Performing experiments Experimenter makes it easy to compare the performance of different learning schemes For classification and regression problems Results can be written into file or database Evaluation options: cross-validation, learning curve, hold-out Can also iterate over different parameter settings Significance-testing built in!

2016/7/10University of Waikato138 1. Add a few data sets 2. Add a few algorithms

2016/7/10University of Waikato141 Result message Running status

2016/7/10University of Waikato148 The Knowledge Flow GUI New graphical user interface for WEKA Java-Beans-based interface for setting up and running machine learning experiments Data sources, classifiers, etc. are beans and can be connected graphically Data “flows” through components: e.g., “data source” -> “filter” -> “classifier” -> “evaluator” Layouts can be saved and loaded again later

2016/7/10University of Waikato169 Conclusion: try it yourself! WEKA is available at http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka  Also has a list of projects based on WEKA  WEKA contributors: Abdelaziz Mahoui, Alexander K. Seewald, Ashraf M. Kibriya, Bernhard Pfahringer, Brent Martin, Peter Flach, Eibe Frank,Gabi Schmidberger,Ian H. Witten, J. Lindgren, Janice Boughton, Jason Wells, Len Trigg, Lucio de Souza Coelho, Malcolm Ware, Mark Hall,Remco Bouckaert, Richard Kirkby, Shane Butler, Shane Legg, Stuart Inglis, Sylvain Roy, Tony Voyle, Xin Xu, Yong Wang, Zhihai Wang

Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand Eibe Frank WEKA: A Machine Learning Toolkit The Explorer Classification and Regression.

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Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand Eibe Frank WEKA: A Machine Learning Toolkit The Explorer Classification and Regression.

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Presentation on theme: "Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand Eibe Frank WEKA: A Machine Learning Toolkit The Explorer Classification and Regression."— Presentation transcript:

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