1. Sustainable Development Alternative and Sustainable Tourism

2. Learning Objectives  Recognize the differences between mass and alternative tourism  Provide examples of alternative tourism  Define sustainable development  Identify main components of SD  Define sustainable tourism (ST)  Identify main components of ST

3. Mass Tourism  International phenomenon in 1960s  Characteristics:  Rapid development  Socially/environmentally inconsiderable  Unplanned/uncontrolled growth/development  Short-term visit  Large groups  Packages/fixed trips  Organized mass/individual tourists

4. Tourism Impacts  Economic  Positive – foreign exchange, GDP, jobs, taxes  Negative – leakage, types of jobs, real estate speculations  Environmental  Positive – conservation and preservation  Negative – pollution, physical/visual damage, resource extraction  Socio-cultural  Positive – culture preservation, revitalization  Negative – erosion of local values, commoditization

5. Alternative Tourism  International phenomenon after 1980s  Characteristics:  Slow development  Socially/environmentally responsible  Planned/controlled growth/development  Long-term visit  Small groups  Independently arranged trips  Drifters, explorers

6. Alternative Tourism  Adventure tourism  Nature tourism  Wildlife tourism  Agritourism  Cultural tourism  Volunteer tourism  Ecotourism

7. Sustainable Development  1972 – The first World Summit on Human Environment  1984 – The Brundtland Commission  “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs”  1992 –The World Summit on Environment and Development (Rio De Janeiro)  2002 - The World Summit on Environment and Development (Johannesburg)

8. Sustainability components  Economic sustainability  Socio-cultural sustainability  Environmental sustainability

9. Sustainable Tourism  Based on sustainable development principles  1996 - Agenda 21 for the Travel and Tourism Industry  “Tourism that meets the needs of the present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future” (UNWTO, 2009)  “Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities ” (UNWTO, 2013)

10. Sustainable Tourism  Conservation & preservation  Planning & design to enhance local landscape  Control of tourism in local hands  Supplement people’s income  Community as a whole benefits  Investments supporting local economy

11. Sustainability Issues  Effects on tourism communities  Sustaining tourism satisfaction  Economic benefits of tourism  Management  Energy  Water  Waste  Development/use intensity control

12. You should be able to:  Recognize the differences between mass and alternative tourism  Provide examples of alternative tourism  Define sustainable development  Identify main components of SD  Define sustainable tourism (ST)  Identify main components of ST