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OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY
OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY LARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK ONCOLOGY
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OTOLOGY ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AUDIOLOGY VESTIBULAR FUNCTION TEST
DISEASES OF THE EAR, FACIAL NERVE, AND SKULL BASE
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OTOLOGIC DISEASES Diseases of the External Ear
Diseases of the Middle Ear Diseases of the Facial Nerve Diseases of the Inner Ear Tumors of the Skull base
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DISEASES OF THE MIDDLE EAR
Diseases of the Tympanic Membrane Diseases of the Middle Ear and Mastoid Diseases of the Eustachian Tube Diseases of the Facial Nerve and Temporal Bone Fracture
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Diseases of the Tympanic Membrane
Myringitis Traumatic Perforation
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Diseases of the Middle Ear and Mastoid
Acute Otitis Media Acute Mastoiditis Otitis Media with Effusion Chronic Otitis Media and Mastoiditis Complication of OM Surgery for COM Cholesteatoma Otosclerosis
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Diseases of the Eustachian Tube
Otitis media with effusion Adhesive Otitis Otitic barotrauma Patulous E-tube
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Diseases of the Facial Nerve and Temporal Bone Fracture
Diagnostic Work Up Bell’s palsy Ramsay-Hunt syndrome Temporal bone fracture Other causes
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Myringitis Etiology Types Symptoms and Signs Treatments
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Granular myringitis
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Traumatic Perforation
Etiology Shapes of perforation Differential diagnosis Treatments
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Differential Dx of TM perforation
COM Traumatic P. shape round conical P. margin smooth edge sharp edge Discharge mucoid or usually none purulent Ear drum scar, TSP hemorrhagic ME mucosa edema, thick normal Hearing impaired mild loss X-ray air cell normal haziness
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Acute Otitis Media Route of Infection Pathologic organisms
Pathologic stage Clinical Diagnosis Treatments Prognosis Complications
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Hyperemia Exudation-bulging Exudation-bulla Suppuration
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Pathophysiology Negative pressure in the middle ear
Inflammation by bacterial or viral infection Mucosal injury by cytokine
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Classifications of OM Acute, Subacute, Chronic
Otitis media without TM Perforation Serous, Mucoid, Purulent Otitis media with TM Perforation Suppurative, Non-suppurative
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Risk factors Age and sex Bottle feeding Crowding
Cleft palate, Down’s syndrome Immunodeficiency Ciliary dysfunction, Cystic fibrosis
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유양돌기염의 분류 급성 유양돌기염 아급성 유양돌기염 만성 유양돌기염 급성 고실유양돌기염 골막염을 동반한 급성 유양돌기염
급성 융합성 유양돌기염 아급성 유양돌기염 만성 유양돌기염
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급성 융합성 유양돌기염에서 농양의 파급 경로 경로 합병증 외측 골막하 농양 내측 미로, 안면신경, 추체염
경로 합병증 외측 골막하 농양 내측 미로, 안면신경, 추체염 전방 중이강으로 자연배출 하방 Bezold 농양 후방 Citelli 농양, 혈전성 정맥염 두개내 경막하농양, 뇌막염
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AOM COM Facial paralysis AM CM Serous labyrinthitis Meningitis
Chronic labyrinthitis Subdural abscess Subperiosteal abscess Suppurative labyrinthitis Extradural abscess Sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis Otitic hydrocephalus Brain abscess
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Otitis Media with Effusion
Etiology: E-tube dysfunction Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
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Chronic suppurative otitis media
Symptoms and signs Pathologic changes Diagnostic tests Aims of surgical treatment
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Non-suppurative Suppurative
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Cholesteatoma Congenital Acquired Acquired Primary Acquired Secondary
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Pathogenesis of Cholesteatoma
Implatation Retraction pocket Immigration Metaplasia Basal cell hyperplasia
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Congenital Acquired
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OTOSCLEROSIS Histologic vs Clinical otosclerosis Prevalence
Clinical Diagnosis Treatment
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COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA
INTRATEMPORAL Acute Mastoiditis Petrositis Facial Palsy Labyrinthitis INTRACRANIAL Subdural Abscess Sigmoid thrombosis Meningitis Epidural Abscess Brain abscess Hydrocephalus
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Sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis
COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA AOM COM Facial paralysis AM CM Serous labyrinthitis Meningitis Chronic labyrinthitis Subdural abscess Subperiosteal abscess Suppurative labyrinthitis Extradural abscess Sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis Otitic hydrocephalus Brain abscess
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COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA
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PATHWAYS Osteothrombophlebitis Bone Erosion Preformed Pathway
COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA PATHWAYS Osteothrombophlebitis Bone Erosion Preformed Pathway
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COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA
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Acute Mastoiditis Persistent otalgia/otorrhea 2-3 wks after AOM
COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA Acute Mastoiditis Persistent otalgia/otorrhea 2-3 wks after AOM Symptoms and signs Treatments
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COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA
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Petrositis Gradenigo Sign Persistent Otorrhea
COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA Petrositis Gradenigo Sign Persistent Otorrhea Trigeminal N palsy or Retrobulbar pain Abducens Palsy
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Facial Nerve Paralysis
COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatments FP due to Acute OM due to Acute Mastoiditis due to Chronic Suppurative OM c/s Cholesteatoma
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COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA
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Bacterial Meningitis Pathogenesis Symptoms and signs Diagnosis
COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA Bacterial Meningitis Pathogenesis Symptoms and signs Diagnosis Treatments
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Sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis
COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA Sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis Griesinger Sign Edema and Tenderness of Retroauricular area Anemia Septic Fever
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Brain Abscess Stage Invasion (Encephalitis stage)
COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA Brain Abscess Stage Invasion (Encephalitis stage) Localization (Latent stage) Enlargement (Manifest stage) Termination (Rupture of Abscess)
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COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA
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SURGERY OF CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA: Aims
Eradication of Disease Improvement of Hearing Prevention of Complication Restoration of Normal Anatomy
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Classification Simple Mastoidectomy Modified Radical Mastoidectomy
Surgery of Chronic Otitis Media:: Classification Simple Mastoidectomy Modified Radical Mastoidectomy Radical Mastoidectomy Myringoplasty Tympanoplasty Tympanoplasty with Mastoidectomy
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Surgery of Chronic Otitis Media::
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Surgery of Chronic Otitis Media::
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Surgery of Chronic Otitis Media::
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Materials Ossicular Reconstruction: Autologous, Homologous, Synthetic
Surgery of Chronic Otitis Media:: Materials Ossicular Reconstruction: Autologous, Homologous, Synthetic Tympanic Membrane Reconstruction: Skin, Vein, Perichondrium, Fascia
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Causes of E-tube dysfunction
Acute URI Allergy Adenoid vegetation Chronic sinusitis Cleft palate Nasopharyngeal Tumor Recurrent suppurative otitis Systemic illness (Diabetes, Thyroid, etc)
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E-tube dysfunction - Severe Adhesive Otitis
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Otitic Barotrauma
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EUSTACHIAN TUBE DYSFUNCTION
(VARIOUS TYPES) ABNORMAL PATENCY OBSTRUCTION PATULOUS SemiPATULOUS FUNCTIONAL MECHANICAL Increased Tubal Compliance Abnormal Active Opening Mechanism Intrinsic Extrinsic
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Patulous Eustachian Tube
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FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS: CLASSIFICATIONS
Etiologic basis Congenital vs Acquired Complete vs Incomplete Immediate vs Delayed Central vs Peripheral
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History Taking Onset and Progression Associated Symptoms
FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS History Taking Onset and Progression Associated Symptoms Previous Facial Palsy Otologic Trauma, or Inflammation Other Cranial Nerve Palsy DM, CVA Hx, and Family Hx
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Physical Examination Otoscopy Auricular lesion External Ear Status
FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS Physical Examination Otoscopy Auricular lesion External Ear Status Facial Palsy Grading Cranial Nerve Examination
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FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS
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Facial Nerve Tests Topognostic Test Schirmer, SR, Taste, Saliv. Flow
FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS Facial Nerve Tests Topognostic Test Schirmer, SR, Taste, Saliv. Flow Electrodiagnosis NET, ENoG, EMG Radiologic Examination Audiometry, VFT
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Diseases Bell’s palsy Ramsay-Hunt syndrome Temporal bone fracture
FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS Diseases Bell’s palsy Ramsay-Hunt syndrome Temporal bone fracture Secondary to inflammations Tumors Degenerative disorders
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Bell’s Palsy Etiology Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS Bell’s Palsy Etiology Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
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Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome Etiology Symptoms Treatments
FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome Etiology Symptoms Treatments
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Temporal Bone Fractures
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Temporal Bone Fracture
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Temporal Bone Fracture
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Facial Nerve Decompression
Temporal Bone Fracture Facial Nerve Decompression
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Inflammatory Origin Acute Otitis Media Chronic Suppurative Otitis
FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS Inflammatory Origin Acute Otitis Media Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media c/s Cholesteatoma Skull Base Osteomyelitis
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FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS
Other causes Tumors Degenerative Diseases
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