1. Cultivating Students Understanding of Environmental Sustainability Through St. Francis's Greening of the Campus Project Adapted from the Oxford Round Table Conference Oxford, England ACCA Scholarship of Pedagogy Lewis University Dr. Salim M. Diab Professor of Chemistry Natural Science Department University of St. Francis October, 6 2007

7. Cultivating Interest! 1.Why do people become involved in any cause? 2.How do we motivate people to get involved in causes? 3.What can we do to sustain people’s involvement?

8. Strategy: Cultivating Interest 1.Confronting Controversial Issues - Environment - Global Warming Education 2.Mission and Philosophy - Top Down Commitment - Benefits of Taking Action 3.Power of Partnership - (GCC Project) -Students, Faculty, Administrators, and Staff 4.Education and Research – Multidisciplinary Projects –P3 Project –Green Chemistry Project –IIT Project

9. 1. Confronting Controversy Global Warming Diagnosis

10. U.N.’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)- 2007 “Warming of the Climate is Unequivocal.”

11. Al Gore March 21, 2007 testified before Congress on Climate change “We do not have time to play with this.”

12. Christina Todd Whitman, former administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) “The science now is getting to the point where it’s pretty hard to deny.”

13. A climatologist from Oxford University, UK, who works on the Himalayas, told BBC News: –"… over the last 30 years, in the eastern Himalayas, snow cover and ice cover have decreased on average by about 30%;."

14. Global Warming Reality

15. Global Warming is Real “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level “ IPCC, 2007: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

16. –The updated 100-year linear trend (1906 to 2005) of 0.74°C [0.56°C to 0.92°C] is therefore larger than the corresponding trend for 1901 to 2000 of 0.6°C [0.4°C to 0.8°C]. – Eleven of the last twelve years (1995– 2006) rank among the 12 warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperatures (since 1850).

17. –The warming trend over the last 50 years 0.13°C [0.10°C to 0.16°C] per decade) is nearly twice that for the last 100 years. – The total temperature increase from 1850– 1899 to 2001–2005 is 0.76°C [0.57°C to 0.95°C]. Urban heat island effects are real but local, and have a negligible influence (less than 0.006°C per decade over land and zero over the oceans) on these values.

18. CO 2 Emissions from Burning Fossil Fuels – Billions of Metric Tons Source: Energy Information Administration The World19842004 North America5.57.5 Central and South America0.51.0 Africa0.31.0 Europe4.5 Middle East0.21.5 Eurasia3.02.5 Asia and Oceania3.89.5

19. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2001

22. As Franciscans we need to do our best to keep the wildlife, plants, birds and other animals alive. The Rule of Saint Francis says it so well: "Moreover they should respect all creatures, animate and inanimate, which bear the imprint of the Most High, and they should strive to move from the temptation of exploiting creation to the Franciscan concept of universal kinship." 2. Mission and Philosophy

23. The University of St. Francis campus community is committed to conserving electricity, fuels and water. The goal of the University of St. Francis is to significantly reduce campus energy. Many steps can be taken to achieve this goal. Some steps are as simple as turning off your computer or switching off the lights as you leave the room. Others take financial commitment to replace equipment that is not energy efficient. Consistent with our mission, we have a great opportunity to save our natural resources for future generations. USF Solution to A Global Crisis

24. USF Joins the Illinois Sustainable University Compact August 2006 President Vinciguerra signs Presidents Climate Commitment ACUPCC May 2007

25. President Michael Vinciguerra Pledges to Accomplish Six Goals by Dec. 31, 2010 Acquire at least 3% of the energy from renewable sources Join the EPA’s ENERGY STAR challenge to increase energy efficiency All new construction will earn the LEED certification Complete one storm water management project such as installing permeable pavement in parking lots Increase waste recycling by at least 15 percent Purchase non-toxic cleaning products whenever practical

26. 3. Power of Partnership Greening of Campus (GCC) project www.stfrancis.edu/green

27. GCC Waste reduction Charter “By the end of spring semester 2006, we hope to have recycled 133 tons of materials.” “Birthing of the Bins”

29. What goes in the Cans and Bottles Recycling bins? Plastic bottles (#1 and #2) Aluminum cans Steel and tin cans Glass bottles Note: Liquids must be removed from containers.

30. Why Reduce Waste? 1. Energy savings:  95% energy savings by using recycled cans  70-80% energy savings by using recycled plastic bottles  75% energy savings by using recycled steel  50% energy savings by using recycled newspaper  30% energy savings by using recycled glass

31. 2. Saving Natural Resources 3. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions  Energy consumption  Methane Emissions from Landfills  Carbon Storage in Trees 4. Reducing Air and water Pollutants  Recycling one ton of old paper saves 7,000 gallons of water  Using Recycled materials reduces as many as 27 pollutants

32. 5. Reducing Use of Landfills 6. Encouraging Stewardship 7. Saving Money

33. What other materials does USF recycle? Cartridges: Reuse - Drop off at St. Albert’s Hall Cell phones: Recycle - Drop off at Tower & Marian Hall Furniture: Reuse – Donate to charities or friends Clothes: Reuse - Donate to charities or friends Computers: Reuse and recycle - check out: Waste & Recycling Guide at: www.willcountylanduse.com www.willcountylanduse.com

34. New initiatives: cartridges, batteries & cell phones!!

35. GCC Impact on USF Today 2007

36. What was in the garbage? 13% Wet Waste 29%Cardboard 22% Mixed Paper 31% Dry Waste 5% Bottles & Cans University of St. Francis 2004 Waste Analysis

37. 3% Mixed Paper 14% Cardboard 14% Wet Waste 50% Dry Waste 19% Bottles & Cans University of St. Francis 2007 Waste Analysis What is in the garbage now?

38. USF recycling rate today is 25% of the waste! A 7% increase since 2004

39. Achievable Goal 40% Recycling Rate By 2010

40. USF Impact on Climate Footprint Since Nov. 2005, USF has recycled over 100 tons of materials which created a net savings of over 88 MTCE (Metric Tons Carbon Equivalents) of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

41. USF Energy Savings Equivalence Driving 26 cars for 1 year Using 315 barrels of oil Using 14,685 gallons of gasoline Reducing car emissions by 134 tons of CO 2 /yr. Source: NERC Environmental Benefits Calculator (funded by USEPA)

42. USF Impact on the Environment Saved 333 cu. yds. of landfill space Saved 1,275 trees - enough energy to power an average home for 37.5 years 525,000 gallons of water Kept 4,500 lbs of pollutants out of the air Source: Illinois Recycling Association

43. Case Study: Recycled Paper USF has purchased 18,000 reams of 30% recycled content copy paper since Nov. 2005 Source: IKON

44. Comparison of 0% vs 30% Recycled Content Paper 18,000 reams of 0% recycled content paper produce 12.56 MTCE 18,000 reams of 30% recycled content paper produce –12.02MTCE Net Reduction: -24.58 MTCE Equivalent to taking 20 cars off the road for one year!

45. Difference in energy used to manufacture 0% and 30% recycled paper Energy needed to make 18,000 reams of 0% recycled content paper: 1,677.43 MBtu Energy needed to make 18,000 reams of 30% recycled content paper: 1,459.19 MBtu Energy Savings from 30% recycled content paper: 218.14 MBtu Equivalent to 1,759 Gallons of gasoline ! Source: Recycled Content Tool, USEPA

46. 4. Education and Research Environmental Science Major http://www.stfrancis.edu/green/programs.htm http://www.stfrancis.edu/green/programs.htm

47. http://es.epa.gov/ncer/p3/apply/index.html P3 Project: People, Prosperity and the Planet Student Design Competition for Sustainability Energy and Water Conservation

48. P3 Project The University of St. Francis (USF) is embarking on a new water conservation project based on water collection from permeable pavers and other water collection systems. The project will also study contaminants in the water collected, as well as the feasibility of recycling rainwater for future use. If successful, the program has the potential to serve over 2000 students and staff on campus, involving students, faculty, staff, and the neighborhood in setting an example to the entire community of the value of conserving water through collection, assessing levels of contaminants, remediating any contamination found, and ultimately reusing the water collected.

49. Parking Lots Decrease impervious surfaces Reduce runoff to storm sewer – Reduce flooding – Reduce pollution Permeable surface

50. Pervious Concrete

51. Comprehensive Water Collection Program for Rainwater Testing for a number of contaminants: Sediment, nitrogen, phosphorous, lead, zinc, iron, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, manganese, cyanide, chlorides, sulfates, VOC, PCB, and PAH.

52. Permeable pavers will aid in reducing the amount of runoff that flows into our local rivers and streams and ultimately reducing the amount of pollutants that enter those waters.

53. Green Chemistry New Solutions to Environmental Problems Juglone

54. American Chemical Society 1.Prevention It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created. 2.Atom Economy Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product. 3.Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment. 4.Designing Safer Chemicals Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.

55. 5.Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used. 6.Design for Energy Efficiency Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure. 7.Use of Renewable Feedstocks A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable. 8.Reduce Derivatives Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/ deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.

56. 9.Catalysis Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents. 10.Design for Degradation Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment. 11.Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances. 12.Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.

57. IIT Project : Renewable Energy (PI) Netty DeGarlais Phase I Identify non-sustainable energy consumption sources on USF campus that are viable for Photovoltaic and/or Solar Water Heating technology retrofit. Energy and water consumption will be documented per unit/building: electricity consumption, natural gas, heating and cooling sources other than electric or natural gas, and water consumption. The sources of non-sustainable energy consumption will be identified per unit/building: i.e. hot water, lighting, heating, etc. Determine USF financial cost from sources of non-sustainable energy consumption per unit/building. Identify commercial Photovoltaic and/or Solar Water Heating units that are available. Determine unit/buildings with infrastructure and/or location that lend themselves to commercial Photovoltaic and/or Solar Water Heating technology retrofit.

58. Phase II Design Photovoltaic and/or Solar Water Heating technology retrofit for USF campus unit/building. Select unit/building from Phase I with the most potential for Photovoltaic and/or Solar Water Heating technology retrofit. Select commercial Photovoltaic and/or Solar Water Heating system, and identify any additional infrastructure required. Perform cost analysis: initial cost, maintenance cost, payback, energy subsidies, etc. Evaluate environmental benefit from reducing energy consumption from non-sustainable energy sources such as coal and natural gas.

59. Phase III Identify method to operate and use photovoltaic and/or Solar Water Heating system efficiently. Operation and maintenance techniques to ensure the system operate efficiently for the design lifetime. Conservation techniques to further reduce the energy consumption from non-sustainable energy sources such as coal and natural gas.

60. Final Message Like the road to heaven, cultivating students interest in Environmental Sustainability, is always under Construction…

61. Acknowledgements USF Council for Environmental Awareness (CEA) Club USF Greening of Campus Committee (GCC) P3 Team USF Operations and Facilities Management Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity Grant (DCEO) Solid Waste Solutions, Inc. (SWS) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) For more information about the Greening of Campus Committee and their work, check out their website at: www.stfrancis.edu/green/

62. Photo Album 2005 http://www.stfrancis.edu/green/index1.htm http://www.stfrancis.edu/green/pictures.htm http://www.stfrancis.edu/green/recycling_pics.htm 2007 http://www.stfrancis.edu/green/images/greenweek07/inde x.htm